怀孕期间的压力可能会影响婴儿的大脑发育

2020-11-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

一项研究显示,婴儿的大脑可能会受到母亲在怀孕期间经历的压力水平的影响。

据估计,母亲怀孕期间的精神压力影响了全世界约10-35%的儿童,而怀孕期间的压力如精神或身体障碍会对儿童发育产生长期影响。流行病学研究表明,在子宫内暴露于压力下的人更容易出现发育和情绪状况,如多动症和抑郁症。这种效应在两性之间是不同的,而支撑这些观察结果的生物学机制却鲜为人知。

一种可能性是,婴儿正在发育的杏仁核(大脑中处理情绪的部分)受到一种名为皮质醇的信号的影响。这种激素最著名的作用是协调压力反应,但它也指导胎儿的生长。追踪胎儿的杏仁核变化以及孕妇的皮质醇水平可以解释怀孕期间的压力是如何影响发育的。

此前已经有研究报道了母亲怀孕期间的压力与儿童杏仁核功能连接和行为结果之间的性别差异,但研究设计仍不确定母亲压力与胎儿杏仁核发育之间的联系机制,以及儿童时期事件和环境暴露的潜在混淆作。近日,eLife上发表的一项基于对产前压力暴露的影像学、生化和临床表型的研究假设,对这些问题进行了探讨。

为了进行调查,Stoye等人招募了近80名志愿者和他们的新生儿。核磁共振扫描被用来检查杏仁核的结构,以及它是如何与大脑的其他部分相连的。与此同时,研究人员在志愿者出生前后采集的头发样本中测量了皮质醇的含量,这反映了孕期最后三个月的压力水平。脑成像结果与志愿者皮质醇水平表明,接触高皮质醇水平在子宫里以不同的方式影响婴儿基于性别:男生显示,杏仁核的精细结构的改变,而女孩子则显示方式的变化,大脑区域与其他神经网络。Stoye等人的工作可能揭示了一种生物学机制,通过这种机制,早期暴露于压力下会对不同性别的大脑发育产生不同的影响,可能会对现实世界的干预产生影响。

杏仁体和连接区域的分割由顶部20%的流线确定

研究结果显示,母亲头发皮质醇浓度(HCC)与新生儿杏仁核的微结构和结构连接性有关,而这一区域对早期社会发展和情绪调节具有重要的功能。具体来说,HCC与婴儿性别相互作用,改变杏仁核FA、ODI和NDI,这支持了母体慢性HPA活性对婴儿树突结构、轴突构型和神经元突的密度有影响的推论。

母亲头发皮质醇浓度(HCC)与婴儿性别的相互作用以及对杏仁核微结构的影响

总之,在这项研究中,研究者利用dMRI和HCC来研究产前应激源对婴儿发育的影响机制。孕妇妊娠期HCC与新生儿杏仁核微结构和结构连通性有关,且与性别有关。这些发现揭示了杏仁核——一个已知的对儿童发育很重要的结构,容易受到产前压力环境变化的影响,皮质醇对人类胎儿神经发育有着性别特异性的影响。

参考文献:David Q Stoye, Manuel Blesa, Gemma Sullivan, Paola Galdi, Gillian J Lamb, Gill S Black, Alan J Quigley, Michael J Thrippleton, Mark E Bastin, Rebecca M Reynolds, James P Boardman. Maternal cortisol is associated with neonatal amygdala microstructure and connectivity in a sexually dimorphic mannereLife, 2020; 9 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.60729

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    2020-11-27 neurowu
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    2020-11-26 Ash.L

    孕妇要保持心情舒畅!

    0

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    2020-11-25 ms6000001097233621

    👍

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