Science:聚焦高危妊娠,确定干扰素的影响

2019-07-17 小通 生物通

近日,法国巴斯德研究所、国家科学研究中心(CNRS)等机构的研究人员确定了一种改变胎盘发育的新机制,可能在怀孕期间引起严重的并发症。这种新机制与干扰素的产生有关。

近日,法国巴斯德研究所、国家科学研究中心(CNRS)等机构的研究人员确定了一种改变胎盘发育的新机制,可能在怀孕期间引起严重的并发症。这种新机制与干扰素的产生有关。


图片来源:巴斯德研究所

高危妊娠,顾名思义就是妊娠过程中的风险较高。据估计,在怀孕的头三个月有10%到20%的孕妇流产。此外,母亲感染某些微生物、寄生虫或病毒(比如感染弓形虫或风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒、疱疹病毒或寨卡病毒),或出现遗传或自身免疫性疾病,也可能导致胎儿生长缓慢。

近日,法国巴斯德研究所、国家科学研究中心(CNRS)等机构的研究人员确定了一种改变胎盘发育的新机制,可能在怀孕期间引起严重的并发症。这种新机制与干扰素的产生有关。该成果于7月12日发表在《Science》杂志上。

胎盘既是交换的界面,也是母亲和胎儿之间的屏障。它提供胎儿生长所需的营养,并产生激素,保护胎儿免受微生物和母体免疫系统的侵害。胎盘的外层,称为合体滋养细胞(syncytiotrophoblast),它是由外层细胞融合而成,优化胎盘的屏障和交换功能。

细胞融合是由一种称为合胞素(syncytin)的蛋白质介导的。如果合体滋养细胞不能正确形成,那么可能导致胎盘功能不全并影响胎儿发育。对于胎儿宫内发育缓慢或胎儿患有唐氏综合症的女性,医生往往观察到异常的合体滋养细胞。

干扰素(interferon)是在感染期间由免疫细胞产生的物质,用来对抗病毒和其他细胞内微生物。在自身免疫疾病或炎性疾病(比如狼疮)以及一些病毒感染中,研究人员观察到高水平的干扰素。

在这项研究中,巴斯德研究所的Olivier Schwartz领导的研究团队证实,干扰素是造成胎盘异常的原因,它通过阻止合体滋养细胞的形成起作用。具体来说,干扰素会诱导一个名为IFITM(干扰素诱导的跨膜蛋白)的蛋白家族产生,这些蛋白会阻断合胞素的融合活性。

研究人员发现,IFITM蛋白是有益的,因为它们会阻止病毒与细胞膜融合,从而阻止病毒进入细胞内并在细胞内增殖。不过,他们利用实验模型和人体细胞证明,如果IFITM蛋白质在胎盘中大量产生,则这种有益作用仍然是有害的。

Schwartz表示:“对IFITM功能的鉴定让我们更好地了解与胎盘发育相关的机制,以及在感染或其他疾病过程中它如何被破坏。”

下一步,研究人员希望了解一些未知病因的胎盘病变是否也涉及到IFITM蛋白,比如早期自发性流产和先兆子痫。展望未来,IFITM阻断有望成为一种新的治疗策略,可预防与干扰素相关的胎盘异常。

原始出处:Buchrieser J, Degrelle SA, Couderc T, et al. IFITM proteins inhibit placental syncytiotrophoblast formation and promote fetal demise. Science. 2019 Jul 12;

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    2019-07-18 jichang
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    2019-07-17 phoebeyan520

    学习了

    0

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    2019-07-17 thm112988

    0

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