JAMA Netw Open:对肥胖儿童相关并发症筛查试验使用不足和过度使用的评估

2022-08-10 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

针对10岁及以上肥胖儿童, 这些建议包括每2年进行一次糖尿病、血脂异常和非酒精性脂肪性肝病的实验室筛查。

背景:预防儿童肥胖相关并发症是公共卫生的重中之重。在超重和肥胖的儿童和青少年中,约21%的人患有糖尿病,约39%至49%的人患有血脂异常,约26%的人患有非酒精性脂肪性肝病。2007年,美国儿科学会(AAP)发布了儿童和青少年超重和肥胖评估专家委员会建议,修订了最初于1998年发布的指南。针对10岁及以上肥胖儿童, 这些建议包括每2年进行一次糖尿病、血脂异常和非酒精性脂肪性肝病的实验室筛查。这些建议不鼓励在没有异常线性增长的情况下进行甲状腺功能障碍的常规筛查,并且不包括胰岛素测试,不建议用于糖尿病的诊断。

尽管来自单个机构和临床医生自我报告的证据表明,肥胖儿童并发症筛查率较低,据我们所知,没有任何研究遵循AAP建议对甲状腺功能减退或高胰岛素血症筛查进行评估。此外,目前还不清楚在有保险的儿童中,肥胖儿童并发症筛查的使用是否有所不同。由于在获得高质量预防服务方面的系统性差异,有公共保险的儿童不太可能接受筛查。由于与实验室检测相关的自付费用和共付额,有私人保险的儿童可能在筛查方面遇到费用问题。确定私人保险儿童与公共保险儿童在筛查测试使用上的差异,有助于确定质量改进工作是否应该广泛针对或针对特定支付者组合的环境和临床医生。

目的:评估在健康儿童诊断为肥胖的私人和公共保险儿童中AAP依从性筛查和潜在不必要的内分泌检测的比率。

设计、设置和参与者:这项横断面研究使用了来自2018-2019 IBM MarketScan商业数据库(包含美国各地私人保险患者的索赔)和2018-2019 IBM MarketScan多州医疗补助数据库(包含多个州医疗补助患者的索赔)的数据。从2018年12月1日到2019年11月30日,共有156,773名10至18岁的儿童在健康儿童访视时患有肥胖症诊断代码。分析时间为2021年5月1日至10月31日。

主要结果和测量:主要结果是儿童健康访视前729天至访视后30天内接受AAP依从性筛查的儿童比例,以及同期接受1次或更多次潜在不必要的甲状腺或胰岛素测试的儿童比例。使用调整了年龄和性别的逻辑回归模型,比较不同支付者类型的儿童比例。为了评估初级保健临床医生可能要求的筛查,计算了就诊前未进行AAP依从性筛查的儿童在30天内接受筛查的比例。

结果:156 773名儿童的平均年龄为13.5(2.5)岁;83 305人(53.1%)是男性,97 595人(62.3%)参加了公共保险。在公共保险的儿童中,13 167名(13.5%)为西班牙裔或拉丁裔,34 792名(35.6%)为非西班牙裔黑人,42 029名(43.1%)为非西班牙裔白人,3850名(3.9%)为其他种族和/或民族(数据库中没有具体的种族和民族),3757名(3.8%)为未知种族和民族。私人保险儿童的种族和民族信息不可用,因为这些数据不在商业索赔数据库中报告。在健康儿童访视前729天至访视后30天期间,42 849名患者(27.3%)接受了AAP依从性筛查,包括59 178名私人保险儿童中的13 939名(23.6%)和97 595名公共保险儿童中的28 910名(29.6%)(公共保险的平均边际效应:6.8 [95% CI,6.3-7.2]个百分点)。此外,46,592名儿童(29.7%)接受了可能不必要的甲状腺或胰岛素测试,包括59,178名私人保险儿童中的12,834名(21.7%)和97,595名公共保险儿童中的23,198名(23.8%)(公共保险的平均边际效应:2.4 [95% CI,2.0-2.8]个百分点)。在129 104名就诊前未接受AAP依从性筛查的儿童中,15 090名(11.7%)在30天内接受了筛查。

表1.2018-2019年IBM MarketScan商业和多州医疗补助数据库中有肥胖诊断代码的10至18岁儿童的特征

表2.在带肥胖诊断代码的健康儿童访视前729天至访问后30天期间,对10至18岁儿童的共生疾病进行筛查

表3.在10至18岁接受AAP筛查的儿童中,实验室测试模式被定义为遵守AAP筛查建议,在使用肥胖诊断代码的健康儿童就诊前729天至之后30天内进行AAP坚持筛查

结论和相关性:在这项横断面研究中,在健康儿童访视中诊断为肥胖的儿童中,接受推荐和非推荐的肥胖相关并发症筛查试验的比例相似,这表明需要具体可行的指南和干预措施来防止肥胖儿童筛查试验的过度使用和使用不足。

原文出处: Sharifi M,  Goodman AB,  Chua KP,Assessment of Underuse and Overuse of Screening Tests for Co-occurring Conditions Among Children With Obesity.JAMA Netw Open 2022 Jul 01;5(7)

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    2022-10-08 canlab
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    2022-08-10 丁鹏鹏
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    2022-08-10 ms8000000162747386

    好文章学到不少

    0

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    2022-08-08 肿瘤克星

    JAMA上文章都是顶级的,谢谢梅斯及时上新

    0

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