Nat Commun:分娩日期竟是由宝宝说了算?婴儿的基因影响着母亲的妊娠时长

2019-09-07 徐悦 生物探索

当一个女人怀孕时,她的分娩时间对自己和孩子的健康很重要。早产是造成婴儿健康问题的主要原因,也是五岁以下儿童死亡的重要原因。然而,如果超过预产期多日,孩子的死产风险和出生后的并发症将会大大增加。

当一个女人怀孕时,她的分娩时间对自己和孩子的健康很重要。早产是造成婴儿健康问题的主要原因,也是五岁以下儿童死亡的重要原因。然而,如果超过预产期多日,孩子的死产风险和出生后的并发症将会大大增加。(或许“魔童”哪吒就是在殷夫人肚子里待久了吧!)

那么是什么决定母亲分娩的时间呢?之前,人们一直认为分娩的的时间主要取决于母亲的基因与生活环境。但是近日的一项研究却颠覆这一认知,由丹麦Statens Serum Institut(SSI)和iPSYCH联盟的研究人员进行的一项新的国际遗传研究已经确定:婴儿自身基因与分娩时间之间有联系。

该研究发表在最新一期的《Nature Communications》杂志上。研究人员分析了来自8个国家20个不同队列的84,689名婴儿的遗传信息,在调查研究了所有染色体和750万个遗传变异体后,研究人员得出结论:婴儿的基因会影响分娩的时间。这一研究结果为更好地理解最佳分娩时间迈出了重要的一步。

2号染色体上的关联

研究人员在2号染色体的一个小区域内发现:一种常见的遗传变异与分娩时间之间具有明确的统计学关联。

为了验证这一发现,来自SSI的资深遗传学家Bjarke Feenstra领导研究团队继续对来自挪威、英格兰和芬兰的另外9,291名婴儿进行了调查。这次研究人员专门调查了2号染色体的这个小区域,并且确认了确实有这样的关联。

Bjarke Feenstra说:“我们的研究结果不能用于预测分娩时间。但我们得到了非常重要的信息,我们现在已经能够确定胎儿基因组中特定位置的遗传变异对怀孕的持续时间具有生物学影响,尽管影响因素可能很小。但是这项新发现将帮助我们更好地理解何时分娩才是最恰当的时机。”

婴儿给母亲传递分娩时间的信号

在生物学上,2号染色体上的这个小区域特别有趣,因为它含有一组产生炎性细胞因子的所谓白细胞介素-1家族的基因。在临近分娩的时候,这些细胞因子就会被激活,进而导致胎膜的脱离和破裂,此外这种细胞因子在子宫颈的成熟和收缩中起重要作用。

2号染色体基因变异与妊娠持续时间有关

Bjarke Feenstra说:“我们知道婴儿在完全发育并准备出生时向其母亲发出信号。我们研究的新发现是,我们可能发现了一种基因开关,它或多或少地调高这个信号量,从而影响孩子出生的时间是稍早还是稍晚。”

研究人员还需要进一步了解已鉴定的遗传变异的影响,并揭示导致怀孕时间更短或更长的分子机制。

结语

早产和早产都对新生儿的健康有害。更好地了解影响分娩时间的生物过程或将有助于预防早产或早产,将危害风险降至最低。

尽管研究结果可能不会直接改变当今孕妇的任何事情,但它们代表了研究人员的重要新知识,从长远来看,或许在将来的某一天我们能通过模仿生物信号更好地指导孕妇进行分娩。

原始出处:
Liu X1, Helenius D2,3, Skotte L1,et al.Variants in the fetal genome near pro-inflammatory cytokine genes on 2q13 associate with gestational duration.Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 2;10(1):3927. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11881-8.

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    2020-01-23 liye789132251
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    2020-03-03 liuli5079
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    2019-09-09 linlin2312
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