Movement disorders:帕金森病中的细菌丁酸盐与表观遗传学变化,或和抑郁症状有关

2022-06-24 Freeman MedSci原创

细菌产生的丁酸盐水平下降与PD患者的白细胞和神经元的表观遗传学变化,

帕金森病(PD)是一种神经退行性疾病,其典型特征是位于黑质旁的多巴胺能神经元死亡而导致的运动障碍。PD的一个标志是错误折叠的α-synuclein蛋白在中枢和外周神经系统中聚集,形成聚合体或Lewy体。在肠道神经系统中发现α-突触核蛋白的聚集,再加上PD的早期胃肠道(GI)症状(如便秘),导致了PD的发病机制可能起源于消化道或至少是在中枢神经系统(CNS)之外的假设。

 

图1: 论文封面图

此外,有人假设α-synuclein聚集物可以以类似朊病毒的方式从肠道神经系统通过迷走神经运输到中枢神经系统。接受过迷走神经切除术的病人患PD的风险降低,这支持了这一假说。

此外,将消化系统与帕金森病交织在一起的发现是,过量表达α-synuclein的小鼠需要有肠道微生物群的存在,才能发展出运动障碍。与接受健康捐赠者的移植相比,这些相同的小鼠在接受来自PD患者的粪便移植后显示出更多的运动障碍。此外,多项研究显示,PD患者的肠道微生物组的组成和功能与健康对照组明显不同。

最近的荟萃分析表明,产生短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的细菌丰度降低是各研究中PD微生物组组成最一致的发现之一。短链脂肪酸是通过某些结肠细菌对膳食纤维的发酵产生的饱和脂肪酸。SCFAs的缺乏已经与多种疾病有关,如自身免疫性疾病、癌症、代谢综合征和神经系统疾病。与健康对照组相比,PD患者的粪便样本中的SCFAs乙酸盐、丙酸盐和丁酸盐的浓度明显降低。除了作为结肠细胞主要能量来源的核心作用外,具体而言,丁酸盐已被认为是一种重要的细菌代谢物,因为它是一种强大的内源性组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制剂,间接影响DNA甲基化,使其能够从表观上改变多种细胞类型的基因表达。丁酸盐也是一些游离脂肪酸受体的配体,对炎症调节和肽类激素的分泌至关重要。一些研究表明,丁酸盐能够通过抑制活性氧的释放和炎症细胞因子的产生以及诱导激活的免疫细胞凋亡机制来减少先天性和适应性免疫细胞的炎症特性。除了其免疫调节特性外,多项体内研究显示,丁酸盐通过降低血脑屏障的通透性、减少小胶质细胞的激活,以及缓解焦虑和抑郁(这都是常见的PD前驱症状)来影响中枢神经。丁酸盐还显示了它对体外星形细胞基因表达的影响和对PD小鼠模型的神经保护作用。一些研究也表明SCFAs的有害影响。然而,在PD患者中观察到的丁酸盐水平的改变对表观基因组状态以及临床症状的可能影响还有待阐明。


为了测试丁酸盐是否影响PD患者血液和大脑中的表观遗传标记,以及这是否与症状的严重程度有关,密歇根Parkinson’s Disease Center的Aoji Xie,对两个队列的PD患者和对照组的全血样本和神经元组织进行了DNA甲基化分析,并将这些发现与粪便中的肠道微生物组和代谢物数据以及临床症状联系起来。

图2:论文结果图

他们收集了55名PD患者和55名对照组的粪便、全血样本和临床数据。我们对全血样本进行了DNA甲基化分析,并分析了结果与粪便中短链脂肪酸浓度和微生物群组成的关系。在另一个队列中,从对照组和PD大脑中分离出前额皮质神经元。我们通过靶向亚硫酸氢盐测序确定了全基因组的DNA甲基化情况。

他们发现:较低的粪便丁酸盐和减少的Roseburia、Romboutsia和Prevotella属的数量与PD患者的抑郁症状有关。

 

含有丁酸盐相关甲基化位点的基因包括PD风险基因,并与PD血液白细胞(主要是中性粒细胞)和脑神经元中的表观遗传改变的位点明显重叠,相对于对照组。

此外,PD中丁酸盐相关的甲基化DNA区域与胃肠道(GI)、自身免疫和精神疾病中改变的区域重叠。

该研究的重要意义在于发现了: 细菌产生的丁酸盐水平下降与PD患者的白细胞和神经元的表观遗传学变化,以及他们的抑郁症状的严重程度有关。PD与某些消化道疾病和精神疾病有共同的丁酸盐依赖性表观遗传变化,这可能与它们的流行病学关系有关。



原文出处:
Xie A, Ensink E, Li P, et al. Bacterial Butyrate in Parkinson’s Disease Is Linked to Epigenetic Changes and Depressive Symptoms. _Movement Disorders_. Published online June 20, 2022:mds.29128. doi:[10.1002/mds.29128](https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.29128)

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    2023-02-28 anminleiryan
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    2022-09-17 小小医者

    #帕金森病#中的细菌#丁酸盐##表观遗传学#变化,或和#抑郁#症状有关。丁酸盐是好东西,是#肠道菌群#中最有益的代谢成分之一了。

    0

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拓展阅读

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