游泳戴隐形眼镜致视力严重受损,夏季游泳如何防眼病

2017-06-19 屠俊 澎湃新闻

一男性青年去欢乐谷玩,游泳戴着隐形眼镜,眼睛不适后没有注意及时就医,直至回家后发现眼睛红得厉害,来就医时角膜已经发炎混浊,视力严重受损。每年夏季医院都会接诊不少游泳导致眼部疾病的病例。复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科主治医师、哈佛大学医学院博士后洪佳旭医生近日就接诊了上述这例令其印象深刻的案例。夏季是各种病原微生物快速生长和传播的季节,是各种眼表疾病高发的季节,平均感染率是冬季的两倍,尤其是公共游泳

一男性青年去欢乐谷玩,游泳戴着隐形眼镜,眼睛不适后没有注意及时就医,直至回家后发现眼睛红得厉害,来就医时角膜已经发炎混浊,视力严重受损。

每年夏季医院都会接诊不少游泳导致眼部疾病的病例。复旦大学附属眼耳鼻喉科医院眼科主治医师、哈佛大学医学院博士后洪佳旭医生近日就接诊了上述这例令其印象深刻的案例。

夏季是各种病原微生物快速生长和传播的季节,是各种眼表疾病高发的季节,平均感染率是冬季的两倍,尤其是公共游泳池的游泳人数较多,若消毒措施不严,极易导致红眼病(传染性结膜炎)传播。

洪佳旭医生提醒,根据美国眼科学会对于游泳人群眼部防护的建议,对于有近视的人群,游泳时,佩戴隐形眼镜是一种高危行为,容易导致眼部发炎。如果一定要戴,也要再戴一副护目镜,避免游泳池的水和眼睛直接接触,因为,万一细菌附着在隐形眼睛上会繁殖并感染角膜,对眼睛健康有害。患有高度近视的同学,千万不要头朝下跳水,因为这样做的话会存在引发视网膜脱落的危险。

另外,最好选择正规的游泳场所,保障水质,下水之前戴上护目镜。正规的游泳池都会对水源进行杀菌处理,但是一旦有一两个有红眼病的患者进入泳池游泳还是可能感染其他人群。

“红眼病主要通过接触传播,例如毛巾、脸盘、眼药水、钱币、键盘、门把手、水龙头等。接触到带有病菌的物品后,用脏手揉眼睛则更容易感染细菌。因此,泳池管理方也应该加强监管,不要让患有红眼病的患者进入游泳,同时加强对水源的杀菌。另外,有红眼病的患者也应该有自觉,游泳可能加重病情,所以不应再去公共泳池游泳。”洪佳旭医生说,“此外,大家也应该注意个人卫生,勤洗手,不要交叉使用毛巾等日用品。”

有些人为了防红眼病,习惯在游泳后使用抗生素滴眼液,如氯霉素滴眼液、氧氟沙星滴眼液等。对此,洪佳旭医生表示,并不推荐。首先,游完泳后眼部的不舒服并不一定是结膜炎引起的,可能只是眼部进水等,会自行好转,这就不需要使用抗生素滴眼液。另外,这涉及滥用抗生素的问题。

“如果患者患有红眼病却没有用到敏感抗生素,点了也白点,而且乱用抗生素滴眼液还会使细菌耐药;控制不好疗程还会引起一些继发性的问题。所以还是应该在医生指导下使用。”洪佳旭医生说。

还有一些人喜欢网购日本的眼药水,在游泳前和游泳后使用。根据美国眼科学会调查,游泳后由于人体泪液被稀释,很多人的眼部不适其实可能是早期的干眼症状。对此,洪佳旭医生指出,这些非处方眼药水里面很多都含有缩血管的药物,滴了以后会觉得冰冰的很舒服,这其实是一种错觉,长期使用对眼睛有害。

而泳前滴用眼药水防止病菌侵入一说,更是达不到效果。因为人们游泳时尽管戴上护镜,下到水里,还是会有小部分水浸入眼中把眼药水冲掉,根本起不到保护眼睛的作用。

“一般如果在正规的泳池游泳后是不需要任何滴眼处理的,一旦发现不舒服还是建议看医生,而不是自行使用一些非处方药物。”洪佳旭医生说,“如果是比较敏感的人群,要使用,比较推荐人工泪液,不存在抗生素滥用的问题,比较安全。长时间游泳后,眼内的泪液被冲刷掉,会有眼干的不适症状,用人工泪液可以缓解症状。不过也不建议一天超过四次使用。”

那么出现什么症状一定要及时看医生呢?洪佳旭医生指出,一种情况是,影响到视力,眼睛模糊。另一种情况是,患者有一些眼部刺激症状,比方说,眼睛变红、流眼泪、怕光、有分泌物等一定要及时看医生。

附:美国眼科学会官方指导指南

经常游泳的人容易患干眼症(一种泪液缺乏而导致眼部不适的疾病)。这种情况下,使用人工泪是合适的。

游泳4个保护措施

1.佩戴游泳镜:避免接触病原及不洁物。

2.使用人工泪液洗眼:1-2滴即可。

3.使用干净水冲洗眼睛。

4.游泳后及时补充水分,多喝水。

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