类风湿关节炎患者妊娠期的药物使用

2022-05-19 xiangting MedSci原创

类风湿关节炎患者在妊娠期需要继续治疗,在选择药物时不仅要考虑到疾病的严重程度,还要考虑到药物的胎儿毒性反应。

很多女性类风湿关节炎患者在妊娠期需要继续治疗,在选择药物时不仅要考虑到疾病的严重程度,还要考虑到药物的胎儿毒性反应。通常用于RA的药物可分为以下4类:1.有中至高度胎儿危害风险的药物 2.妊娠期可选择性使用的药物 3.母胎风险极小的药物 4.风险未知的药物。

                                       

一、有中度至高度胎儿危害风险的药物  受孕和妊娠期间,应避免使用引起出生缺陷的风险较高或风险不明的药物。使用这些药物的患者应采取十分有效的避孕措施,这些药物包括:甲氨蝶呤(妊娠期和哺乳期禁用,停用3个月以上可备孕);来氟米特(妊娠期和哺乳期禁用,血中未检测到该药浓度时可备孕)。

 

二、在妊娠期可选择性使用的药物  以下药物在妊娠期是安全的,但是其使用有一定限制:糖皮质激素如泼尼松、泼尼松龙和甲泼尼龙等非氟化糖皮质激素可极少量穿过胎盘,在妊娠期以中低剂量使用是相对安全的。倍他米松和地塞米松等氟化糖皮质激素穿过胎盘的量更多,用于在预计会早产时促进胎儿肺成熟。现认为晚期妊娠前使用NSAID是安全的,从晚期妊娠开始应避免使用NSAID,因为有引起动脉导管早闭和抑制临产的风险。

 

三、母胎风险极小的药物  以下药物通常可在妊娠期使用:羟氯喹(HCQ)等抗疟药可在妊娠期使用。柳氮磺吡啶在妊娠期使用可能是安全的。硫唑嘌呤–大量研究显示,硫唑嘌呤( AZA)不影响哺乳,也不增加先天性异常的发生风险。

 

四、风险未知的药物 选择性环氧合酶(cyclooxygenase, COX)-2抑制剂的安全性,现有数据不足,因此应避免使用这些药物。中高剂量阿司匹林的数据也很少,因此整个妊娠期也应避免使用该药。

 

 

 

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    2021-08-21 lmm397
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