Lancet Neurol:颅外椎动脉支架有获益的证据吗?

2019-08-13 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

后循环卒中大约占急性缺血性卒中的20%,其中1/4卒中的病理生理机制为椎动脉或基底动脉狭窄。症状性椎动脉狭窄与卒中复发风险增加有关,特别是症状发作前几周。有人认为椎动脉支架能够降低这种风险。过去8年中,几项试验探讨了这个问题,虽然所有试验基本都是2期试验,样本量不足难以确定是否支架优于内科治疗。

后循环卒中大约占急性缺血性卒中的20%,其中1/4卒中的病理生理机制为椎动脉或基底动脉狭窄。症状性椎动脉狭窄与卒中复发风险增加有关,特别是症状发作前几周。有人认为椎动脉支架能够降低这种风险。过去8年中,几项试验探讨了这个问题,虽然所有试验基本都是2期试验,样本量不足难以确定是否支架优于内科治疗。

解释这些试验数据是非常复杂的,包括不同的自然史、支架的安全性、颅外 vs 颅内椎动脉狭窄。自然史研究显示颅内狭窄与更高的早期卒中复发有关,但是支架会增加围手术期卒中的风险。相反,颅外动脉狭窄的早期卒中复发风险不低,而支架的围手术期卒中风险较低。因此,颅外和颅内椎动脉狭窄的椎动脉支架风险是不同的。

症状性颈动脉狭窄的研究已经发现症状发作2周内进行血管成形术的获益是最大的。症状性椎动脉狭窄与颈动脉狭窄增加卒中风险的时相是相似的,因此症状发生不久对椎动脉进行治疗的好处也是相似的。VIST 试验结果支持这个假说,尽管其效能不足以回答这个问题(因为征募太慢提前终止)。

2019年7月来自英国的Hugh S Markus等在 Lancet Neurology 上公布了他们的研究结果,他们汇总分析了来自已经发表的椎动脉支架临床试验的个体化患者数据,目的在于探讨症状性椎动脉狭窄患者放置椎动脉支架是否优于内科治疗。

本次分析的数据来自于SAMMPRIS、VAST、VIST三项随机对照试验中症状性椎动脉狭窄支架 vs 内科治疗的患者。主要终点为致死或非致死性卒中。



共354例患者,包括 VIST 试验中179例患者(148例颅外狭窄和31例颅内狭窄),VAST 试验中115例患者(96例颅外狭窄,19例颅内狭窄),和 SAMMPRISE 试验中60例患者(皆为颅内狭窄)。在所有试验中,169例随机设计为内科治疗(46例为颅内狭窄,122例为颅外狭窄),186例为支架治疗(64例为颅内狭窄,122例为颅外狭窄)。在支架组,颅内狭窄者围手术期卒中或死亡率高于颅外狭窄者(16% vs 1%,P <0.0001)。在1036人-年随访期间,与内科治疗组相比,支架治疗组任何卒中的危害比(HR)为0.81 95% CI 0.45 - 1.44(P = 0.47)。单独颅外狭窄的 HR 为0.63(95% CI 0.27 - 1.46),单独颅内狭窄的 HR 为1.06(95% CI 0.46 - 2.42;Pinteraction = 0.395)。

最终作者认为与椎动脉颅外狭窄相比,椎动脉颅内狭窄植入支架的风险更高。该汇总分析并未发现这两种情况进行植入支架预防卒中的益处。颅内狭窄植入支架没有获益的证据,颅外狭窄植入支架可能获益,但是需要进一步大型研究探讨这个问题。

原始出处:Prof Hugh S Markus, Eric L Harshfield, Annette Compter, et al. Stenting for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis: a preplanned pooled individual patient data analysis. Lancet Neurol. JULY 01, 2019

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    2020-03-13 howi
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    2019-12-30 yinhl1978
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830206, encodeId=3dc81830206e9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Mar 13 11:00:00 CST 2020, time=2020-03-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2000845, encodeId=0e022000845f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Mon Dec 30 04:00:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371301, encodeId=ae303e13016d, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=91, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/07/01/577acf4668c2eb760152040cdd4c4196.jpg, createdBy=dc3f5107879, createdName=最帅小男护, createdTime=Thu Aug 15 12:52:59 CST 2019, time=2019-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=371226, encodeId=5d623e122656, content=学习了很有用不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=83, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib3IzoRn621JdKCFUI4XvNELcibocrAVU6aUzEVDSaf3rYH08PUYUiagGqxAEhj8g9WqqNvD1CupIpCrmnR2OrqHZh/0, createdBy=7f181365728, createdName=飛歌, createdTime=Wed Aug 14 01:25:52 CST 2019, time=2019-08-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-08-15 最帅小男护

    不错

    0

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    2019-08-14 飛歌

    学习了很有用不错

    0

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Neurology:椎动脉支架还能放吗?

后循环卒中占缺血性卒中的20%。1/4后循环卒中发生于椎和/或基底动脉狭窄的患者。大型国际试验显示症状性颈动脉狭窄能够从内膜剥脱中获益,一些患者也可以选择支架治疗。但是,后循环狭窄尚缺少最佳治疗的证据。