ACC 2020:阿司匹林与房颤患者30天出血量增加\缺血风险降低相关(AUGUSTUS研究)

2020-04-06 MedSci MedSci原创

对于房颤合并急性冠脉综合征(ACS)或者接受了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者,其抗栓治疗存在挑战,三联还是双联治疗一直存在争议。

对于房颤合并急性冠脉综合征(ACS)或者接受了经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者,其抗栓治疗存在挑战,三联还是双联治疗一直存在争议。

根据3月29日在ACC.20 / WCC上进行的特色临床研究会议期间发表的AUGUSTUS试验的事后分析结果,该结果同时在《循环》杂志上发表。在最近患有急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)和/或PCI且服用apixaban或维生素K拮抗剂的房颤(AFib)患者中,服用阿司匹林可能会导致出血风险增加和缺血风险降低之间长达30天的等量平衡。

2019年ACC会议上公布结果显示,对于近期发生ACS或接受PCI的房颤患者,阿哌沙班+P2Y12抑制剂的双联抗栓治疗方案与华法林+双联抗血小板的三联治疗方案相比,出血风险显著降低,缺血事件发生率无显著差异。新型口服抗凝药(NOAC)+P2Y12抑制剂的联合方案可以显著降低出血风险而且不增加血栓事件。

在这项回顾性研究中,John H. Alexander博士等人设计了三个复合性出血结局和三个复合性缺血结局,以观察阿司匹林与安慰剂的风险-收益权衡,以及apixaban或VKA在30天和6个月时的效果。最初的AUGUSTUS试验表明,安慰剂组与新近ACS和/或PCI并接受P2Y12抑制剂和apixaban或VKA的AFib患者相比,阿司匹林的出血更少。

AUGUSTUS试验是一项国际、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验,采用2 x 2因子设计,评估了双联抗栓治疗(不用阿司匹林)对出血风险高且同时存在心梗、卒中和血栓风险人群的有效性和安全性。

该试验在33个国家纳入了4,614名患者,包括美国、加拿大、墨西哥、英国以及其他欧洲、亚洲和南美洲国家。患者的中位年龄为70岁,男性占71%。患者均有房颤,需要长期(超过6个月)接受抗凝治疗,而且近期发生过ACS和/或置入支架,均存在抗血小板治疗的适应证。超过92%的患者在基线时服用氯吡格雷,其他患者服用了普拉格雷或者替格瑞洛。该试验招募了4,614名中位年龄为71岁的患者,所有患者均具有出血和缺血性事件的高风险。适应症为ACS合并PCI的患者占37%,药物治疗的ACS患者占24%,择期PCI的患者占39%。

在ACS发病或者置入支架后14天内,患者接受两次随机分配:首先,随机分配到阿哌沙班组或者华法林组;然后,随机分配到阿司匹林组或者安慰剂组(双盲)。所有患者均治疗6个月。选择这一随访时间是因为大多数出血事件、心梗、卒中和血栓形成都发生在ACS发病或置入支架后前6个月。

 

图1 研究设计

图2 主要终点定义

根据结果,30天内阿司匹林最多可增加严重出血量,并减少缺血事件。在30天时,服用阿司匹林的患者发生复合性出血的绝对风险范围从严重出血的2.1%到广泛出血的7.5%(致命、颅内、ISTH严重、出血住院、临床相关的非重大出血),而服用安慰剂的严重出血为1.1%,患者大出血率为4.0%。在服用阿司匹林的患者中,缺血性复合结果的绝对风险范围从重度事件的1.7%至广泛事件的6.7%,而安慰剂组中重度事件的2.6%至广泛事件的6.8%。

研究表明,30天后,这种平衡没有持续。对于出血结局,阿司匹林组的绝对风险范围为严重出血的3.7%至广泛出血的12.1%,而安慰剂组的严重出血为2.5%,广泛出血为7.2%。在服用阿司匹林的患者中,缺血性事件的绝对风险范围从严重事件的3.8%到广泛事件的14.3%,而在安慰剂组中,严重事件为4.0%,广泛事件为14.3%。

研究人员说,除了P2Y12抑制剂或口服抗凝剂外,使用阿司匹林长达30天还可以在增加出血风险和降低缺血性事件风险之间取得平衡。30天后,阿司匹林可导致出血增加,而不会减少缺血事件。他们的结论是,这些发现有助于为经历过ACS和/或PCI的AFib患者提供有关抗栓治疗的循证决策,并有助于以患者为中心的共同决策。

2019年报告相关结果如下:

主要安全性终点结果显示,与服用华法林的患者相比,阿哌沙班治疗患者的风险降低了31%(10.5% vs 14.7%;HR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.58 to 0.81; P<0.001 非劣效性和优效性);与服用阿司匹林的患者相比,安慰剂组风险降低了47%(16.1% vs 9.0%;HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.59 to 2.24; P<0.001)。

图3 主要终点

氯吡格雷+华法林+阿司匹林治疗组患者出血事件发生率最高(18.5%),氯吡格雷+阿哌沙班+安慰剂治疗组发生率最低(7.3%)。

 

图4 主要终点在四组患者中的比较

阿哌沙班组的死亡或住院比例低于华法林组(23.5% vs. 27.4%; HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.74 to 0.93; P=0.002);阿司匹林组的死亡或住院比例与安慰剂组相似。

图5 死亡/住院复合终点的比较

氯吡格雷+华法林+阿司匹林治疗组患者的死亡或住院比例最高(27.5%),氯吡格雷+阿哌沙班+安慰剂治疗组比例最低(22.0%)。

图6 死亡/住院复合终点在四组患者中的比较

 

阿哌沙班组与华法林组的缺血事件发生率相似;与华法林相比,阿哌沙班治疗患者的卒中风险降低了50%。阿司匹林组的缺血事件发生率与安慰剂组相似。

 

表1 缺血终点的比较

原始出处:

Alexander JH, Wojdyla D, Vora AN, Thomas L, Granger CB, Goodman SG, Aronson R, Windecker S, Mehran R, Lopes RD.The Risk / Benefit Tradeoff of Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Early and Late After an Acute Coronary Syndrome or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Insights from AUGUSTUS.Circulation. 2020 Mar 29. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046534.

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    2020-11-23 百度人生

    不错

    0

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    2020-09-04 bnjfy
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1820703, encodeId=ea3b1820e03ce, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0c6a1009105e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#风险降低#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100910, encryptionId=0c6a1009105e, topicName=风险降低)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=fd18451, createdName=xre2008, createdTime=Sat Oct 24 07:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=901564, encodeId=ffdd901564ae, content=不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201123/916441d2913648269ede0b8db11ab6c2/0a36cd040f95424b9d105ae671387d9a.jpg, createdBy=52415437799, createdName=百度人生, createdTime=Mon Nov 23 20:43:50 CST 2020, time=2020-11-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1989335, encodeId=4e5819893353c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a0791805c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACC 2020#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=68, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1805, encryptionId=a0791805c1, topicName=ACC 2020)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=346311, createdName=bnjfy, createdTime=Fri Sep 04 19:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-09-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1977832, encodeId=aad419e783260, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=93a211600a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#30天#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1160, encryptionId=93a211600a, topicName=30天)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c39f145, createdName=smlt2008, createdTime=Fri Dec 25 11:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-12-25, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1755330, encodeId=d8cd1e55330a8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3420314e849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#出血量#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31478, encryptionId=3420314e849, topicName=出血量)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=0a8836868587, createdName=limedical1986, createdTime=Mon Oct 19 10:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1326567, encodeId=9f70132656ed3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=96c71804b7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ACC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1804, encryptionId=96c71804b7, topicName=ACC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=1e452500029, createdName=12498568m50暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 01:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1614546, encodeId=dae316145462c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=64f95426122' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#房颤患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=54261, encryptionId=64f95426122, topicName=房颤患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=937e19519012, createdName=hittouch, createdTime=Wed Apr 08 01:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1031252, encodeId=cdc41031252e3, content=房颤,临床上碰到很多哦, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=心介, createdTime=Mon Apr 06 13:03:27 CST 2020, time=2020-04-06, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-25 smlt2008
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    2020-04-06 心介

    房颤,临床上碰到很多哦

    0

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