Clin Cancer Res:ctDNA检测对转移性结直肠癌患者治疗选择的指导意义

2021-02-07 Nebula MedSci原创

目前肿瘤组织测序仍是主要的检测方法,但受限于时空遗传异质性。

抗EGFR单克隆抗体西妥昔单抗和帕尼单抗是携带RAS/BRAF野生型转移性结直肠癌(mCRC)患者的指南推荐的治疗选择。原发肿瘤侧边性和分子的超选择性有助于筛选从EGFR抑制中获益可能性最大的患者,如左侧边肿瘤和无与原发性耐药(HER2/MET扩增、基因融合、PIK3CA突变和微卫星不稳定性[MSI])相关罕见遗传变异的患者。

目前肿瘤组织测序仍是主要的检测方法,但受限于时空遗传异质性。液体活检不推荐作为mCRC患者的初始治疗选择。

Valentino研究纳入了左侧边、RAS/BRAF野生型、HER2阴性、微卫星稳定的mCRC患者,这些患者接受FOLFOX-帕尼单抗治疗。研究人员对基线血浆样本中的14个基因进行了基于扩增的基因组图谱分析,并将这些数据与肿瘤组织超深测序结果进行了比较。

检出突变

在120位患者中,有10位携带RAS ctDNA突变,15位携带PIK3CA ctDNA突变,与组织测序结果的阳性一致率分别为31.3%和47.1%

基线ctDNA中检出RAS或PIK3CA突变的患者预后

基线ctDNA中检出RAS或PIK3CA突变与中位PFS和中位OS较差明显相关。CtDNA RAS突变还与较差的RECIST反应、早期肿瘤缩小和反应深度相关,而PIK3CA突变与RECIST反应无关。

RAS/PIK3CA等位基因突变频率对预后的影响

CtDNA RAS/PIK3CA突变变异等位基因频率高的患者预后最差(变异等位基因频率 ≥5% vs 全野生型:中位PFS:7.7 vs 13.1个月,HR 4.02,95%CI 2.03-7.95,p<0.001;中位OS:18.8 vs 38.9月,HR 4.07,95%CI 2.04-8.12月,p<0.001)。

总之,基线ctDNA分析或可增加肿瘤组织检测的价值,以完善mCRC患者的分子超选择,从而提前进行以抗EGFR为基础的抗肿瘤治疗

原始出处:

Manca Paolo,Corallo Salvatore,Busico Adele et al. The added value of baseline circulating tumor DNA profiling in patients with molecularly hyperselected, left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 2021, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-20-4699.

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