CA Cancer J Clin:Oncotype DX HER2检查结果不能作为乳腺癌治疗方案的决策标准

2012-12-26 CA Cancer J Clin 互联网 shumufeng

美国匹兹堡大学的研究者日前评估了Oncotype DX检查中观察到的人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)状态与免疫组织化学(IHC)和荧光原位杂交(FISH) 确定的HER2状态之间的一致性(J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4279-4285)。他们的数据显示指南指定的IHC 和FISH联合方案确定的相当数量的HER2阳性乳腺癌病例中,用Oncotype DX检查往往得出HER2假阴性的

美国匹兹堡大学的研究者日前评估了Oncotype DX检查中观察到的人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)状态与免疫组织化学(IHC)和荧光原位杂交(FISH) 确定的HER2状态之间的一致性(J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4279-4285)。他们的数据显示指南指定的IHC 和FISH联合方案确定的相当数量的HER2阳性乳腺癌病例中,用Oncotype DX检查往往得出HER2假阴性的结论。

“临床医师和实验室主任必须对Oncotype DX检查结果与组织学参数和IHC标志物常规评估结果的不一致保持警惕,”通信作者Rohit Bhargava博士,宾西法尼亚州匹兹堡Magee妇女医院(MWH)外科病理学主任如是说。“任何显着不一致的结果都会对患者治疗产生直接影响,因此都应得到研究。”

Oncotype DX检查(基因组健康项目,红木市,加利弗尼亚州)正越来越多地应用于雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者辅助化疗的决策中。Oncotype DX检查报道中的复发分数代表着接受5年它莫西芬治疗的淋巴结阴性、雌激素受体阳性乳腺癌患者的10年复发风险。RT-PCR测量16种基因表达的方法被用于复发风险得分的计算。16种基因中的3种,包括HER2、雌激素受体、和孕酮受体的表达得分,连同总复发风险得分分别列出在Oncotype DX报道中。研究作者说,这是首例在高通量实验室完成的Oncotype DX RT-PCR方案报告与IHC/FISH检查报告之间一致性的独立研究。

研究发现

数据库包含了MWH医院从2008年7月份至2010年6月份间所有的Oncotype DX检查报告。两所其他实验室也参与了研究:俄亥俄州Cleveland诊所以及哥伦布市Riverside Methodist医院。研究的核心是比较IHC 和FISH联合检验与Oncotype DX报告中的HER2结果。

在排除所有检查都不明确的结果后,研究者计算了所有3所研究机构中病例的阳性结果和阴性结果的比例。总体契合率为98%;然而,其中阳性结果契合率仅为42% (10 of 24),而阴性结果契合率为100% (779 of 779)。

考虑到MWH研究项目仅入组了507例患者, 468 (92%)例为阴性,26 (5%)例为阳性,其中有13(3%)例为IHC/FISH检查所不能明确。在468例阴性病例中,464 (99%)例经Oncotype DX  RT-PCR检查结果仍为阴性,剩余的4例不能明确。IHC/FISH检查不能明确的所有13例病例经RT-PCR检查判定为阴性;在26例IHC/FISH检查为阳性的病例中,有8 (31%)例经Oncotype DX报告为阳性。排除不能明确的病例,两种策略阳性契合率为47%,而阴性契合率为100%。

在MWH研究中,当手术切除肿瘤组织样本被送往Oncotype DX检查时,首次利用芯针活组织检查对样本进行IHC 和FISH方案的HER2检测。因此,为了排除肿瘤异质性而造成的结果不契合,对于MWH阳性结果而Oncotype DX检查阴性结果的病例,研究者在送往Oncotype DX检查的同样的肿瘤块中重复IHC 和FISH检查。Oncotype DX检查不能明确但IHC/FISH显示阳性的所有9例患者经重复IHC/FISH检查结果仍为阳性。Oncotype DX检查阴性但IHC/FISH初次检查显示阳性的9例患者中,有5例经IHC/FISH重复检查仍为阳性,其他4例不能明确。

Cleveland诊所在236例病例中发现了相似的结果,他们报道了25%的阳性契合率以及100%的阴性契合率,Riverside Methodist医院的100例病例报道中,出现了33% 的阳性契合率以及100%的阴性契合率。

临床意义

既往研究显示FISH和Oncotype DXHER2状态的结果有98%的契合率(J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:4300-4306)。最新的报道发现近来研究中的不契合率高得令人惊讶,也得不到合理的解释。他们假设可能是检测的肿瘤样本包含有非肿瘤组织,潜在地稀释了HER2 mRNA的量并导致产生假阴性结果。他们综合了基因组健康研究项目的肿瘤块信息,并且发现几乎所有的肿瘤组织中都包含了不超过50%的侵袭性肿瘤,这就解释了以上现象。然而,基因组健康组织对样本的显微解剖将能够剔除外来肿瘤组织。

Bhargava 博士说:“虽然你可以将两种策略的不契合性归之于许多原因如RT-PCR的进程,引物设计,或探针问题,但我相信,非肿瘤组织RNA对肿瘤组织RNA的稀释才是最可能的原因。”

Daniel Hayes博士,密歇根大学乳腺癌项目临床主任和医学教授,他指出此项研究由出色的病理学家完成,但入组患者似乎经过高度的选择,证据是仅有4%的HER2阳性率,这可能会影响到研究结果。“这可以归结于仅有ER-阳性患者会接受Oncotype DX检查,所有ER阴性,HER2阳性的患者被自动排除了。而且,大多数的医生不会将ER阳性,HER2阳性的肿瘤组织送交Oncotype DX分析,也就排除了这一患者亚群。”他说。

Steven Shak博士,基因组健康的首席医疗官,说在公司正在开展的研究中,研究人员已经将所有Oncotype DX分析HER2阴性结果而IHC 或FISH检查显示阳性结果的肿瘤组织进行手动显微解剖,以确定不会因肿瘤组织被稀释而影响到试验结果。他说他们欢迎对存有疑问的病例进行独立的检查以厘清组织。

美国临床肿瘤学会(ASCO)和美国病理学家学会(CAP)的最新指南,推荐可首先进行IHC检查以明确HER2状态(J Clin Oncol. 2006;25:118-145)。可考虑将0 或1+的结果列为阴性,而将3+结果视为阳性。对于2+的病例,推荐进行进一步的FISH检查。指南指出的次优选择是对所有样本进行FISH检查。

没有指南显示HER2阳性状态,基因组健康状态或是否应选择抗HER2治疗方案需由RT-PCR予以明确。这是可行的,然而,临床医生有可能会考虑将来自Oncotype DX检查的HER2检查结果作为是否采用抗HER2治疗的标准。这一研究发现支持ASCO/CAP推荐:医生应采用IHC/FISH 或单独应用FISH检查以明确HER2状态。

“我们关于HER2状态非契合性的研究强调了一个事实,那就是一项检查不能提供所有的答案【关于乳腺癌女性患者的最优治疗方案的选择】。肿瘤学领域应持续运用有效的HER2状态检测手段来支持临床治疗方案的选择,并反思对Oncotype DX检查的过度依赖。” Bhargava博士如是说。

Hayes博士认为,Oncotype DX HER2检查方案没有可能,也未经验证或认可作为患者是否应接受抗HER2方案治疗的预测性检查手段。

乳腺癌相关的拓展阅读:

DOI: 10.3322/caac.21133
PMC:
PMID:

Researchers find discordance between standard human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing and HER2 status reported on Oncotype DX

Mary Kay Barton MD

Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh conducted an assessment of concordance between human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status found by the Oncotype DX test and HER2 status as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) (J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:4279-4285). Their data suggest that the Oncotype DX test may be falsely negative for HER2 status in a substantial number of breast cancer cases found to be positive by a guideline-specified combination of IHC and FISH assays. “Clinicians and laboratory directors have to be vigilant for discordance between Oncotype DX results and routinely assessed histologic parameters and IHC markers,” says corresponding author Rohit Bhargava, MD, codirector of surgical pathology at Magee Women's Hospital (MWH) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. “Any significantly discordant results should be investigated as it may directly affect patient care.”


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