Nat Microbiol:得了流感只能靠自身免疫力吗?自身免疫可能根本靠不住!

2019-05-27 佚名 生物通

LTB4分子不仅能够减少由免疫反应引起的旁系组织损伤,而且还能提高宿主的存活率。不久的将来,这些新发现对流感的治疗将具有很好的临床意义。

LTB4分子不仅能够减少由免疫反应引起的旁系组织损伤,而且还能提高宿主的存活率。不久的将来,这些新发现对流感的治疗将具有很好的临床意义。


Dr. Erwan Pernet和Dr. Maziar Divangahi

对大多数人来说,流感A病毒(IAV),往往被称为流感,是被我们自己的免疫系统清除的。然而,在某些情况下,免疫反应会变得失调,如果不加以控制,由我们自身免疫细胞引起的炎症就会导致广泛的肺组织损伤,并增加发病率和死亡率。

我们如何帮助我们的免疫系统平衡两种主要的宿主防御策略:攻击病原体(称为宿主抵抗)和保存我们自己的组织(称为疾病耐受)。

流感感染的特征是大量单核/巨噬细胞涌入肺部。虽然这对消除病毒是必需的,但是过度的炎症会加重疾病的严重性。

加拿大McGill大学健康中心的研究人员最近解决了这个基本问题,确定了一个新目标,以“减弱”对流感感染的高活性免疫。他们发现了脂质介质白三烯B4(Leukotriene,LTB4)在肺内的新作用。本周发表在《Nature Microbiology》杂志上的一项研究表明,LTB4分子不仅能够减少由免疫反应引起的旁系组织损伤,而且还能提高宿主的存活率。不久的将来,这些新发现对流感的治疗将具有很好的临床意义。

研究第一作者、Maziar Divangahi博士实验室的博士后研究员Erwan Pernet博士说:“流感病毒不是唯一的威胁,宿主自身的免疫反应反而是危害宿主生存的主要威胁,因此,必须了解维持保护性免疫和有害免疫之间紧密平衡的调节机制。”

调节免疫反应的“脂质”

据世界卫生组织称,流感仍然是一个全球公共卫生挑战。每年,全世界估计有10亿人感染,29万至65万人死于流感。

肺损伤的根源与一种称为炎性单核细胞源性巨噬细胞(inflammatory monocyte-derived macrophages,IMM)的免疫细胞亚型有关。虽然这些特定巨噬细胞募集到感染部位对于减少病毒复制至关重要,但这些细胞如果不受控制积累也会导致组织损伤。

Divangahi博士实验室致力于通过宿主脂质介质靶向免疫系统,以有效杀死病毒或限制肺组织损伤的新免疫疗法研究。在这篇文章中,他们重点阐明了LTB4脂质介质及其对流感感染免疫反应的影响。

在对缺乏LTB4受体的小鼠进行研究后,他们识别出一个“维持保护性免疫和有害免疫之间紧密平衡的调节机制”网络,正如Pernet博士先前提到的。

文章主要作者Maziar Divangahi博士解释说:“我们首次发现,肺中有一种巨噬细胞亚型,能够产生这种免疫调节性脂质(LTB4),以减少由另一种巨噬细胞群引起的炎症,后者负责在流感感染期间引起肺组织损伤。”

对未来的临床研究特别重要的是,单剂量的LTB4足以显着减少肺免疫病理学和组织损伤,提高宿主存活率。

基于这项工作,Divangahi博士和同事们设想,“鉴于针对脂质途径(如阿司匹林)有多种药物可选,并且已经被批准并用于人类,以控制感染症状或其他免疫疾病,如哮喘。那么,针对特定宿主脂质介质的新型免疫治疗策略将对治疗流感或潜在的其他病毒感染具有巨大的临床意义。”

原始出处:Pernet E, Downey J, Vinh DC, et al. Leukotriene B4–type I interferon axis regulates macrophage-mediated disease tolerance to influenza infection. Nat Microbiol. 2019 May 20.

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    2019-12-15 柳叶一刀
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    2019-08-10 sunylz
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    2019-06-22 liye789132251
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    2020-03-31 xjy02
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