PLoS Biol:沙门氏菌可“劫持”免疫细胞

2019-04-22 宗华 中国科学报

沙门氏菌可劫持免疫细胞,并利用它们在体内传播。针对小鼠细胞进行的实验表明,这种细菌通过扰乱肠道内的电信号达到这一目的。相关成果日前发表于美国《科学公共图书馆·综合》。

沙门氏菌可劫持免疫细胞,并利用它们在体内传播。针对小鼠细胞进行的实验表明,这种细菌通过扰乱肠道内的电信号达到这一目的。相关成果日前发表于美国《科学公共图书馆·综合》。

人类肠道拥有小电场。这是由钾离子和氯离子等带电离子进出肠道细胞造成的。诸如食物中毒等沙门氏菌感染会扰乱电场,因为它们会破坏警告身体免疫细胞前来清理这些“脏东西”的细胞。

通常,免疫系统擅长将感染限制在肠道内。但有时沙门氏菌通过巨噬细胞(一种通常不会离开肠道的免疫细胞)逃逸,并且进入肝脏、脾脏等其他器官。

为研究这一过程,加州大学戴维斯分校的Yaohui Sun和同事将小鼠的肠膜细胞置于电场中,以模拟受感染肠道。

该团队发现,在没有沙门氏菌存在的情况下,几乎所有巨噬细胞都向与肠道内部相对应的带正电荷的区域移动。

然而,在吞噬了与食物中毒有关的最常见的肠道沙门氏菌后,约41%的巨噬细胞逆转方向,向带负电荷的一端移动,这相当于离开肠道。

Sun介绍说,研究发现,沙门氏菌拥有帮助其在巨噬细胞中存活的蛋白质,但并不清楚它是如何改变吸引巨噬细胞的电荷的。他认为,有可能是细菌释放的酶破坏了巨噬细胞表面的电荷感应糖结构。

佐治亚州埃默里大学的Sarah Fankhauser表示,最新发现有助于开发治疗疾病的方法。这种机制不只在沙门氏菌中出现。例如,引起结核病的细菌也会通过巨噬细胞传播,可能利用了类似策略。

原始出处:
Sun Y1,2, Reid B1, Ferreira F1,3,et al.Infection-generated electric field in gut epithelium drives bidirectional migration of macrophages.PLoS Biol. 2019 Apr 9;17(4):e3000044. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000044. eCollection 2019 Apr.

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    2019-05-09 sunylz
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