American Journal of Clinical Nutrition:益生菌治疗无法增加大便sIgA浓度

2021-07-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在急诊科就诊的急性胃肠炎患儿中,鼠李糖/瑞士草治疗与安慰剂相比并没有增加大便sIgA浓度。

免疫球蛋白A(IgA)抗体的分泌是人和动物模型抗肠道感染的主要防御机制之一。IgA通过结合微生物抗原、毒素和食物蛋白提供保护作用,并抑制肠上皮的粘附和渗透。动物研究发现在没有正常肠道分泌IgA(sIgA)浓度的情况下,肠道共生厌氧菌显著增加,随着sIgA生产正常化,肠道微生物群恢复到基线组成。

益生菌的使用正在迅速增加,尽管有效性证据有问题,特别是当它与儿童急性胃肠炎(AGE)有关时。然而,对益生菌的兴趣是基于它们如何通过改变微生物平衡、与宿主免疫系统相互作用、调节炎症细胞因子和增加sIgA的产生来促进免疫稳态。在小鼠模型中,益生菌通过诱导肠道IgA分泌来预防肠道感染,这与小鼠的存活率相关。在健康人中,益生菌增加了年龄范围内的大便sIgA浓度。然而,在随年龄增长的儿童中,有相互矛盾的结果报道,没有试验将粪便中的sIgA浓度与临床结果相关联。益生菌增强宿主肠道保护性免疫应答的可能性是一个需要澄清的关键话题。

2017年,Stephen B Freedman团队完成了门诊胃肠炎治疗益生菌方案(PROGUT)临床试验,该试验随机选择年龄大的儿童接受鼠李糖乳杆菌/瑞士乳杆菌益生菌混合物或相同的安慰剂,每天两次,持续5天。尽管这项试验没有发现与给药鼠李糖/瑞士草产品相关的显著益处,但他们试图通过确定补充剂是否促进sIgA分泌来探索其给药对粪便sIgA浓度的影响,这反映在与给药安慰剂相比粪便标本中更高的sIgA浓度。还试图确定较高的第5天sIgA浓度是否会促进病原体清除,从而导致较轻的疾病。

最近该团队在The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition杂志发表研究文章,确定与安慰剂相比,服用鼠李糖乳杆菌/瑞士乳杆菌益生菌的儿童粪便分泌性免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)浓度是否随年龄增长而增加。

该研究采用多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照的辅助研究,以接受5天益生菌或安慰剂治疗的儿童为研究对象。参与者在第0、5和28天提交粪便标本。主要终点是第5天与基线相比粪便中sIgA浓度的变化。

在886名PROGUT参与者(15.0%)中,共有133名(n=66名益生菌剂,67名安慰剂)提供了所有3个标本。

益生菌组和安慰剂组在任何研究时间点的粪便中位sIgA浓度没有差异:第0天中位IQR:1999(768,4071)与2198(702,5278)(P=0.27,Cohen's d=0.17);第5天:2505(1111,5310)与3207(982,7080)相比(P=0.19,Cohen d=0.16);第28天分别为1377(697,2248)和1779(660,3977)(P=0.27,Cohen's d=0.19)。当比较第0天和第5天测得的sIgA浓度时,没有发现治疗分配效应[β:-0.24(-0.65,0.18);P=0.26]或治疗与标本收集日之间的相互作用[β:-0.003(-0.09,0.09);P=0.95]。

益生菌(A) (n = 66)和安慰剂(B) (n = 67)治疗组在基线和随机化治疗后5和28 d的粪便sIgA浓度。

诺如病毒(A)和轮状病毒(B)感染儿童在基线和随机化治疗后5天和28天的粪便sIgA浓度。

尽管两组的粪便中sIgA在第5天至第28天之间有所下降(P<0.001),但益生菌组和安慰剂组之间的sIgA浓度变化中位数在比较第0天至第5天中位数(IQR)[500(-1135,2362)与362(-1122,4256);P=0.77,Cohen d=0.075]和第5天至第28天[-1035(-3130,499)与-1260(-4437,843);P=0.70,Cohen d=0.067]时没有差异。

该研究量化了鼠李糖/瑞士草给药对学龄前儿童粪便中sIgA浓度的影响。鼠李糖/瑞士草组和安慰剂治疗组在ED就诊后的5天内粪便中sIgA浓度都没有明显增加。在控制反复措施和试验部位后,治疗对大便sIgA浓度无影响。虽然在第5天和第28天之间大便sIgA浓度显著降低,但这与治疗分配无关。此外,发现疾病严重程度与大便sIgA浓度之间没有关系。

总之,在急诊科就诊的急性胃肠炎患儿中,鼠李糖/瑞士草治疗与安慰剂相比并没有增加大便sIgA浓度。

原文出处

Probiotic stool secretory immunoglobulin A modulation in children with gastroenteritis: a randomized clinical trial. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 113, Issue 4, April 2021, Pages 905–914, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa369

 

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    2021-07-28 周其志

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