Cell Metabolism:导致肥胖的关键机制被发现——脂肪细胞向巨噬细胞的线粒体转移受损

2020-12-14 nagashi Bio生物世界

在现代社会,肥胖已然成为一种日益流行的代谢性疾病,并影响着全世界38%的成年人以及16%的儿童和青少年。不仅如此,肥胖还是是许多其他疾病,例如Ⅱ型糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症等,发生发展的独立危险因素。

在现代社会,肥胖已然成为一种日益流行的代谢性疾病,并影响着全世界38%的成年人以及16%的儿童和青少年。不仅如此,肥胖还是是许多其他疾病,例如Ⅱ型糖尿病、心血管疾病和癌症等,发生发展的独立危险因素。

在以往的认知中,造成肥胖的根本原因是——热量摄入超过热量消耗,这看起来更像是与饮食和消化相关。

但最近的研究却表明,免疫系统也可以通过调节神经内分泌通路,不仅控制食物摄入量,还控制机体的能量消耗。

2020年12月4日,美国华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员在 Cell 子刊 Cell Metabolism 杂志上发表题为:Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer to Macrophages Regulates White Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Is Impaired in Obesity 的研究论文。

这项研究表明,脂肪细胞和巨噬细胞利用细胞间线粒体转移作为免疫代谢串扰机制,并以此调节机体的代谢稳态,但这一过程在肥胖者中受损。

这一发现揭示了靶向调控细胞间线粒体转移可能是改善代谢性疾病的一种新的治疗策略!

有研究表明,白色脂肪组织(WAT)中的巨噬细胞,可以通过促进脂肪细胞对葡萄糖的利用、调节脂质储存和释放以及通过调节白色脂肪组织交感神经张力,从而增加能量消耗而调节机体的代谢稳态。

然而,在肥胖的背景下,多种细胞因子激活白色脂肪组织(WAT)中的巨噬细胞,从而促进慢性炎症,导致糖、脂和能量代谢紊乱。更令人遗憾的是,尽管取得了一些重要的进展,但我们对巨噬细胞和脂肪细胞如何相互作用并维持代谢稳态仍缺乏完整的了解。

在此项研究中,研究团队对细胞间线粒体转移是否发生在脂肪组织中,或者这个过程是否调节机体代谢平衡展开了调查。

研究人员使用了一个脂肪细胞特异性线粒体报告基因(MitoFat)小鼠模型,证实了白色脂肪组织(WAT)中的巨噬细胞可以从体内的脂肪细胞中获得线粒体。

巨噬细胞在体内从其他细胞类型获得线粒体

与此同时,研究团队使用全基因组CRISPR-Cas9筛选,发现了巨噬细胞的线粒体摄取依赖于硫酸肝素(HS)生物合成途径,包括基因外泌肌球蛋白1 (Ext1)及其异源二聚体Ext2,它们与小鼠以及人类体内葡萄糖和脂质稳态的维持有关。

全基因组CRISPR筛选确认HS对于巨噬细胞摄取线粒体至关重要

除此之外,研究团队还发现,这个脂肪细胞到巨噬细胞的线粒体转移轴在白色脂肪组织(WAT)中定义了一个独特的巨噬细胞亚群,而高脂饮食(HFD)诱导的肥胖小鼠在白色脂肪组织(WAT)巨噬细胞上表现出较低的硫酸肝素(HS)水平,并减少了从脂肪细胞向巨噬细胞的细胞间线粒体转移。与此同时,使用IFN-γ和LPS联合诱导也会产生类似的效应。

值得注意的是,硫酸肝素(HS)合成所需的Ext1的骨髓细胞特异性缺失会损害白色脂肪组织(WAT)巨噬细胞的线粒体摄取,导致能量稳态异常。具体表现为能量消耗较低、白色脂肪组织(WAT)质量积累、葡萄糖耐受不良和饮食诱发肥胖的易感性增加。

骨髓细胞中Ext1的缺失与能量消耗的减少和饮食诱发肥胖的易感性增加有关

总而言之,这项研究发现,在正常人群中,从脂肪组织到巨噬细胞的线粒体转移是调节机体代谢稳态、维持能量平衡的重要机制,但这一过程在肥胖患者中受到损害,从而加剧了肥胖者的能量稳态异常。

本研究的模式图

近年来,随着经济的快速发展以及人们生活质量的提高,中国的肥胖人数已达全球之最。对此,这项研究发现不仅揭示了导致肥胖患者代谢失衡的关键机制,还提示我们靶向调控细胞间线粒体转移或许能成为一种全新且高效的肥胖症治疗方法!

原始出处:

Jonathan R.Brestoff, et al. Intercellular Mitochondria Transfer to Macrophages Regulates White Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Is Impaired in Obesity. Cell metablosm, 2020.

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href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Tue Dec 15 03:49:14 CST 2020, time=2020-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=908019, encodeId=340790801929, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201204/c83bcfc1404d4e8da6b6092d0aa15002/6836d45b0e284b62b7ce9397c7547600.jpg, createdBy=15092993043, createdName=2451377768, createdTime=Tue Dec 15 00:03:54 CST 2020, time=2020-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039360, encodeId=5242103936093, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Sun Dec 13 15:49:14 CST 2020, time=2020-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-08 一闲
  4. 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href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Tue Dec 15 03:49:14 CST 2020, time=2020-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=908019, encodeId=340790801929, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201204/c83bcfc1404d4e8da6b6092d0aa15002/6836d45b0e284b62b7ce9397c7547600.jpg, createdBy=15092993043, createdName=2451377768, createdTime=Tue Dec 15 00:03:54 CST 2020, time=2020-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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    2021-08-03 guojianrong
  5. 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  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1872094, encodeId=6b9518e20941b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 24 20:49:14 CST 2021, time=2021-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962396, encodeId=8b1b1962396af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, 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  7. 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topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Tue Aug 03 13:49:14 CST 2021, time=2021-08-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1705315, encodeId=0c781e0531538, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5326e761664' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#线粒体转移#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77616, encryptionId=5326e761664, topicName=线粒体转移)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a8c430973312, createdName=风铃831, createdTime=Sat Nov 27 16:49:14 CST 2021, time=2021-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1400938, encodeId=b61314009387e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8fde8438079' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脂肪细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, 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  8. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1872094, encodeId=6b9518e20941b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 24 20:49:14 CST 2021, time=2021-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962396, encodeId=8b1b1962396af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, 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href='/topic/show?id=6c6f1e62c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ABO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1762, encryptionId=6c6f1e62c5, topicName=ABO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b6c918580135, createdName=闆锋旦, createdTime=Tue Dec 15 03:49:14 CST 2020, time=2020-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=908019, encodeId=340790801929, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201204/c83bcfc1404d4e8da6b6092d0aa15002/6836d45b0e284b62b7ce9397c7547600.jpg, createdBy=15092993043, createdName=2451377768, createdTime=Tue Dec 15 00:03:54 CST 2020, time=2020-12-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), 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    2020-12-15 闆锋旦
  9. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1872094, encodeId=6b9518e20941b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fd764459a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Cell#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4459, encryptionId=fd764459a8, topicName=Cell)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=524d95, createdName=zhaozhouchifen, createdTime=Mon May 24 20:49:14 CST 2021, time=2021-05-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1962396, encodeId=8b1b1962396af, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dbe6445416' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CEL#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=4454, encryptionId=dbe6445416, topicName=CEL)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, 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    2020-12-15 2451377768

    学习了

    0

  10. 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GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039360, encodeId=5242103936093, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Sun Dec 13 15:49:14 CST 2020, time=2020-12-13, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-12-13 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

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