Clinical Nutrition:膳食模式干预通过影响肠道菌群的结构和功能改善血脂

2021-12-26 细胞 细胞

研究提示,在超重或肥胖的中国女性中,膳食模式干预导致的菌群结构改变比宿主脂肪酸相关代谢的改变对于血脂改善的贡献度更大。

《临床营养》(Clinical Nutrition)在线发表了中国科学院上海营养与健康研究所研究员李亦学研究组、林旭研究组与中科院分子细胞科学卓越创新中心研究员曾嵘研究组合作的题为Effects of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism on dyslipidemia following weight-loss diets in women: Results from a randomized controlled trial的研究论文。研究揭示出与膳食模式相关的肠道菌群结构和功能改变在血脂改善中的重要作用。

近年来,肠道菌群作为人体的“超级器官”已成为代谢性疾病方面的研究热点。现有的人群和动物模型研究发现,肠道菌群可能在肥胖及相关代谢性疾病的发生和改善过程中起重要作用。膳食是影响肠道菌群结构和组成的重要因素之一,而肠道菌群可以影响营养物质的消化、吸收和代谢,两者的关系较复杂。目前仍缺乏在人群,尤其是中国人群中,膳食模式干预如何通过影响肠道菌群的结构和功能,进而改善脂代谢相关指标的研究。

图片

图1.两种膳食干预前后的菌群结构变化

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图2.基线临床指标、CAGs、脂肪酸和酰基肉碱变化及其联合模型对血脂改善的贡献度

前期在对超重或肥胖女性开展的为期12周的全餐干预研究中,发现低碳水化合物膳食(LC组,40-50%E脂肪,<40%E碳水化合物)与限制能量的传统高碳水化合物膳食(CR组,55%E碳水化合物,限制35%能量)在减少体重和体脂含量方面具有相似作用,但仅LC膳食能显著改善高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平以及总胆固醇/HDL-C和甘油三酯(TG)/HDL-C比例。在此基础上,此研究进一步对48名超重或肥胖女性的基线和12周干预后的肠道宏基因组、血液红细胞膜脂肪酸及血浆酰基肉碱进行了检测。经过系统性分析,科研人员首次发现不同减重膳食干预导致两组志愿者的肠道菌群结构和功能、宿主血液脂肪酸和酰基肉碱水平的差异性变化。在12周的干预后,LC组的拟杆菌门/厚壁菌门比例显著增高(P = 0.015),而CR组仅存在增高趋势(图1b)。在菌群功能的变化方面,与CR组相比,LC组的支链氨基酸合成通路被抑制,而丝氨酸合成通路上调。在红细胞膜脂肪酸水平方面,与CR组相比,LC组的两种脂肪酸体内合成途径上的脂肪酸(14:0和16:1n-7)水平显著下降,EPA(20:5n-3)水平显著上升。尽管干预后两组的血浆酰基肉碱水平均普遍上升,LC组的短链酰基肉碱水平有更多提升。

经过逐步回归分析,研究发现一系列菌群共丰度基因簇(CAG)、脂肪酸和酰基肉碱的变化均与血脂改善显著相关。与脂肪酸和酰基肉碱的变化相比,菌群CAG变化对升高HDL-C水平(81.6%)和降低TG水平(89.3%)均有更大贡献度(图2)。因此,研究提示,在超重或肥胖的中国女性中,膳食模式干预导致的菌群结构改变比宿主脂肪酸相关代谢的改变对于血脂改善的贡献度更大。研究为揭示膳食模式干预引起的肠道菌群和人体代谢物改变,及其与代谢标记物变化之间的联系提供了新证据,为解读膳食-菌群-宿主间的复杂交互作用提供了参考。

研究工作得到中科院、科技部、国家自然科学基金委员会、上海市科学技术委员会等的资助。

原始出处

Effects of gut microbiota and fatty acid metabolism on dyslipidemia following weight-loss diets in women: Results from a randomized controlled trial.Clinical Nutrition.2021

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    2021-12-26 ms7000000500660691

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