Neurology:生育年限短、绝经过早者易发生动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血

2022-05-23 影像小生 MedSci原创

绝经年龄越早和生育年限越短(≤35年)与女性发生 aSAH 的风险更高有关

脑动脉瘤引起的蛛网膜下腔出血仍然是一种具有高死亡率和高发病率的疾病。与绝经前女性相比,绝经后女性动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(aSAH)及随后脑血管痉挛等并发症的发生率更高。虽然尚不清楚为什么绝经后妇女的蛛网膜下腔出血率更高,但激素的影响已被认为是脑动脉瘤的发病机制及其破裂的原因。具体来说,绝经期雌激素的减少与脑动脉瘤的发生有关。一些回顾性研究表明,绝经年龄越早,动脉瘤破裂的风险越高。然而,现有的研究不能解释高达三分之一的人死于动脉瘤破裂。aSAH的罕见使得有足够生殖数据的前瞻性研究难以实现。

波士顿布莱根妇女医院神经外科Pui Man Rosalind Lai等采用一项大型前瞻性队列研究调查了女性生育年限、初潮年龄、绝经年龄和口服避孕药或绝经后激素治疗与aSAH之间的关系。

从 1980 年或达到绝经期到 2018 年对该研究的参与者进行了随访,仅纳入自然绝经或因双侧卵巢切除术而手术绝经的女性。生育年限的定义是绝经年龄中减初潮年龄。采用多变量分层比例风险模型研究生育年限、初潮年龄和绝经年龄与 aSAH 发病率的关系。多变量模型针对年龄、种族、吸烟、子宫切除术、高血压、高脂血症、体重指数、激素治疗使用、口服避孕药使用和经产次数进行了调整。

该研究共纳入 97398 名具有生育寿命数据的绝经后妇女;138 名参与者发生了 aSAH,并在医生的病历审查中得到证实。

该研究发现:

1.    多变量调整后,较短的生育年限(≤35年)与 2 倍高的 aSAH 发生率相关(风险比 [HR] 2.0 [95% CI 1.4–2.8])。

2.    绝经年龄早(年龄 <45 岁)与 aSAH 的较高风险(HR 2.1 [95% CI 1.4-3.1])相关,但初潮年龄与此无关。

3.    使用口服避孕药和绝经后激素治疗与 aSAH 的发生率无关。

表3. 粗发病率和aSAH病例/人年与生育年限和绝经年龄相关

表5. 绝经年龄早、初潮年龄晚与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血相关性的多变量分析

综上所述,绝经年龄越早和生育年限越短(≤35年)与女性发生 aSAH 的风险更高有关,这支持了雌激素在aSAH发病机制中的作用。未发现初潮年龄、产次、口服避孕药使用或绝经后治疗使用的相关性。

 

原文出处

Association of Reproductive Life Span and Age at Menopause With the Risk of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurology May 2022, 98 (20) e2005-e2012; https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000200222.

 

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Neurology:绝经年龄越早,生殖寿命越短(≤35年),女性发生动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(ASAH)风险就越高!

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