Hypertension:青壮年高血压患者不坚持服用降压药有什么后果?

2022-05-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在开始降压药物治疗的青壮年中,服药依从性差与未来心血管疾病的风险较高相关。这项研究强调了青壮年尽早认真治疗高血压的重要性。

年轻成年人中的高血压成为越来越重要的公共健康问题。超过2000万20至44岁的美国成年人患有高血压,而其中不到20%的人将血压控制到指南推荐目标。青壮年对高血压药物治疗的依从性差:在服用降压药的青壮年中,只有不到一半的人坚持服用降压药方案。这可能是因为青壮年与医疗服务的互动较少,而且青壮年很少有直接的健康问题所以不重视控制血压

不坚持服用降压药会产生什么后果?与之相关的血管疾病(CVD)风险是什么?人们对此知之甚少。因此,Hokyou Lee等研究者利用韩国国家健康保险服务(NHIS)数据库,评估了20至44岁开始服用降压药的成年人中不坚持服药与新发心血管疾病的风险。研究成果近日发表于高血压领域权威期刊Hypertension上。

研究者纳入了123 390名参与者(75.1%为男性),年龄在20至44岁之间,之前没有心血管疾病,他们从2004年到2007年开始进行高血压药物治疗。参与者在治疗的第一年被分为坚持服用降压药(服药天数比例≥0.8;n=45 350)或不坚持服用(服药天数比例<0.8;n=78 040)。主要结果是新发心血管疾病(CVD),包括心肌梗死卒中、心力衰竭和死亡。

在10年的中位随访时间中,共发生了3002例新发心血管疾病。每10万人年的CVD发病率在坚持组中为191.0,在不坚持组中为282.1。与坚持服药的人相比,CVD事件的调整危险比为1.57(95% CI,1.45-1.71)。也就是说,不坚持服药人群的心血管疾病风险是坚持服药的1.57倍。而且药物依从性与CVD风险之间存在剂量反应关系,药物依从性越低(也就是服药天数的比例越低),心血管疾病的风险越高。

具体到每种心血管疾病,随访期间共发生787例心肌梗死、1803例卒中、157例心衰住院和465例心血管死亡。不坚持组的心肌梗死、卒中、心衰和心血管死亡的发生率均高于坚持组(HR(95% CI)分别为心肌梗死的1.29(1.11-1.50)、卒中的1.72(1.55-1.91)、心力衰竭的2.06(1.41-3.02)、心血管死亡的1.40(1.15-1.72))。

总而言之,该研究发现在开始降压药物治疗的青壮年中,服药依从性差与未来心血管疾病的风险较高相关。这项研究强调了青壮年尽早认真治疗高血压的重要性。


参考文献
Lee H, Yano Y, Cho SMJ, et al. Adherence to Antihypertensive Medication and Incident Cardiovascular Events in Young Adults With Hypertension \[published online ahead of print, 2021 Mar 1\]. _Hypertension_. 2021;HYPERTENSIONAHA12016784. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.16784

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    2021-03-07 ms6000000853475783

    不坚持服药是坚持服药心血管事件的1.75倍

    0

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