Science : 更小的基因编辑工具!巨型噬菌体中的新CRISPR系统,有望带来基因编辑新革命

2020-07-28 木兰之枻 BioArt

以CRISPR-Cas系统为基础的基因编辑工具让相关研究领域有了革命性的突破。目前而言,DNA靶向的工具中,CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cas12a(Cpf1)应用最为广泛。

以CRISPR-Cas系统为基础的基因编辑工具让相关研究领域有了革命性的突破。目前而言,DNA靶向的工具中,CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cas12a(Cpf1)应用最为广泛。不过现有工具依然存在诸多不足之处,其中,Cas蛋白的体积过大更是严重限制了其应用(SpCas9:1368氨基酸;SaCas9:1053氨基酸;Cas12a:1353氨基酸;Cas12b:1108氨基酸;)。

长期以来,研究者多在细菌中探寻新的CRISPR-Cas系统。2016年,Jennifer Doudna实验室最先在古细菌中找到了新型的CRISPR-CasX及CRISPR-CasY系统,其拥有更小的体积(CasX:986氨基酸)并具有编辑细菌及人类细胞基因组的能力。这一发现让研究者意识到,CRISPR-Cas系统的存在或许更加广泛。

来自加州大学伯克利分校的Jennifer Doudna实验室又有新发现,他们在Science发表题为CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor的论文。文章通过对巨型噬菌体的宏基因组数据进行挖掘,结果发现一类更加小巧的CRISPR-CasΦ(Cas12j)系统(700-800氨基酸),新系统不仅结构独特,且在人源细胞和植物细胞中具有可观的基因编辑能力,这为基因编辑工具的研发提供了新的可能。

继古菌中通过数据挖掘发现的CRISPR-CasX/Y系统后,巨型噬菌体的宏基因组又带来新的惊喜,其编码的CRISPR-CasΦ系统更加小巧。从进化关系而言,CasΦ或许更为“古老”,其与V型CRISPR-Cas蛋白的同源性不足7%,但与V型CRISPR-Cas蛋白的源头TnpB核酸酶超家族的部分蛋白有更高同源性。研究发现,CasΦ借助于单一向导RNA的引导,并依赖于PAM位点的指引以实现目标DNA的识别(其中CasΦ-2所识别的PAM序列为5’-TBN-3’(B=G,T,C))。

随后的体外功能实验证实,CasΦ依赖于C末端的RuvC功能域切割双链DNA,其切割非靶链(NTS)的速度较靶链(TS)更快。研究还发现,CasΦ可通过顺式或反式作用靶向并切割单链DNA(ssDNA),这一特性在核酸检测研究中极具潜力。随后的研究还发现,CasΦ可通过其RuvC功能域完成pre-crRNA的加工,这一特性迥异于其他V型CRISPR-Cas系统,它们或依赖于非RuvC功能域,或需借助于额外的III型核糖核酸酶完成pre-crRNA的加工。

之后,研究者在EGFP稳定转染的HEK293细胞系中证实,CasΦ-2和CasΦ-3均具有可观的基因编辑能力,其中CasΦ-2在部分位点对EGFP的编辑效率可达33%。此外,植物原生质体中的实验证实,通过核糖核蛋白复合物进行转染时,CasΦ-2对拟南芥的PDS3基因亦具有相当的编辑能力。

总体而言,本研究在巨型噬菌体中发现了更为小巧的CRISPR-CasΦ系统,并在人源细胞系和植物细胞中表现出可观的基因编辑能力;这一新系统的发现让CRISPR相关的工具库更加多样化,也让基因编辑工具的未来发展及应用有了更多可能。

原始出处:

Patrick Pausch, Basem Al-Shayeb, Ezra Bisom-Rapp,et al.CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor.Science. 2020 Jul 17;369(6501):333-337. doi: 10.1126/science.abb1400.

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (4)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994058, encodeId=a13319940587d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b1d4186600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑工具#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41866, encryptionId=3b1d4186600, topicName=基因编辑工具)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=322359, createdName=bioon3, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 19:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1276163, encodeId=5f8712e61633e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341396, encodeId=0ba0134139605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9d940353d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噬菌体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40353, encryptionId=a9d940353d8, topicName=噬菌体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376139, encodeId=818a13e61395e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994058, encodeId=a13319940587d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b1d4186600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑工具#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41866, encryptionId=3b1d4186600, topicName=基因编辑工具)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=322359, createdName=bioon3, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 19:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1276163, encodeId=5f8712e61633e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341396, encodeId=0ba0134139605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9d940353d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噬菌体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40353, encryptionId=a9d940353d8, topicName=噬菌体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376139, encodeId=818a13e61395e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-30 yuandd
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994058, encodeId=a13319940587d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b1d4186600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑工具#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41866, encryptionId=3b1d4186600, topicName=基因编辑工具)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=322359, createdName=bioon3, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 19:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1276163, encodeId=5f8712e61633e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341396, encodeId=0ba0134139605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9d940353d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噬菌体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40353, encryptionId=a9d940353d8, topicName=噬菌体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376139, encodeId=818a13e61395e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1994058, encodeId=a13319940587d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b1d4186600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#基因编辑工具#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=41866, encryptionId=3b1d4186600, topicName=基因编辑工具)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=322359, createdName=bioon3, createdTime=Wed Oct 14 19:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1276163, encodeId=5f8712e61633e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=755d5211a0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRISPR#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5211, encryptionId=755d5211a0, topicName=CRISPR)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=583c133, createdName=yuandd, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1341396, encodeId=0ba0134139605, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a9d940353d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#噬菌体#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=40353, encryptionId=a9d940353d8, topicName=噬菌体)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4dfa37, createdName=智者为医08, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376139, encodeId=818a13e61395e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Thu Jul 30 08:05:36 CST 2020, time=2020-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-30 jichang

相关资讯

Sci Adv:中美联合开发新的胞嘧啶碱基编辑器,消除了旁观者突变

导言:中国和美国的研究人员开发了一种新的更精确的胞嘧啶碱基编辑器(CBE),该编辑器消除了旁观者突变的问题。同时,与当前可用的基本编辑器BE4max相比,将经过完美修饰的等位基因的百分比提高了6000

Science:科学家发现新型基因编辑工具,体积是CRISPR-Cas9的一半

基因编辑作为一种新兴的基因工程技术,其本质是人为地改变自然选择。目前广泛使用的“基因剪刀”是CRISPR-Cas9,该技术在一系列基因治疗的应用领域都展现出极大的应用前景。

NAT CELL BIO:李大力课题组开发高效胞嘧啶编辑器

胞苷碱基编辑器是催化特定基因组位点上胞苷向胸苷转化的强大遗传工具,进一步提高编辑范围和效率对其更广泛的应用至关重要。

Nat Methods:杨辉团队开发高精度单碱基编辑技术

最近,我国杨辉团队描述了23个合理工程化的CBE变体的筛选,发现预测DNA结合位点的突变残基可以显著降低Cas9依赖性的脱靶效应。

CELL:刘如谦发文,不需要做实验,机器学习预测基因编辑结果

刘如谦团队在哺乳动物细胞中的38,538个基因组整合靶点上表征了11个胞嘧啶和腺嘌呤碱基编辑器(CBEs和ABEs)的序列-活性关系,并将所得结果用于训练BE-蜂巢机器学习模型。

Cell封面:David Liu再取新突破:不需要做实验,就能知道基因编辑的结果

尽管碱基编辑器被广泛用于目标点突变,但是决定碱基编辑结果的因素尚不十分清楚。