霍勇:合理应用质子泵抑制剂,助力抗栓药物治疗中获益与风险的平衡

2021-09-21 “心关注”公众号 “心关注”公众号

口服抗栓药物治疗是心血管疾病防治的重要措施。然而,抗栓治疗是一把双刃剑,其在获益的同时可能会导致消化道损伤甚至出血。基于此,《中华心血管病杂志(网络版)》编辑委员会组织心血管及消化领域的专家,参阅近年

口服抗栓药物治疗是心血管疾病防治的重要措施。然而,抗栓治疗是一把双刃剑,其在获益的同时可能会导致消化道损伤甚至出血。基于此,《中华心血管病杂志(网络版)》编辑委员会组织心血管及消化领域的专家,参阅近年发布的国内外相关指南和专家共识,聚焦口服抗栓药物的消化道损伤及相关问题,共同制定了全新的《口服抗栓药物相关消化道损伤防治专家共识》(以下简称“共识”),并于2021年8月30日正式发布。围绕该共识的制定背景及其深远影响,《心关注》特别邀请到北京大学第一医院霍勇教授与您一探究竟!

《心关注》:最新公布的《口服抗栓药物相关消化道损伤防治专家共识》是我国心血管及消化领域的专家们集体智慧的结晶,请您谈一谈该共识制定的背景、目的和核心内容。

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霍勇教授:首先我想强调一下口服抗栓药物在临床使用的背景。众所周知,动脉粥样硬化导致的心血管疾病是世界范围内第一大致死因素,而这些动脉粥样硬性疾病造成的死亡,最核心的因素是血栓,没有血栓就没有事件,没有血栓就没有死亡。

随着基础及临床研究的深入和循证医学证据的不断积累,以及各种药物的研发和临床应用,我们发现抗栓药物在预防和治疗血栓栓塞性疾病中发挥着举足轻重的作用。目前临床常用的口服抗栓药物有两大类,包括抗血小板药物和抗凝药物,这两类药物既有不同又有相互协同作用。COMPASS研究显示,在多血管床动脉粥样硬化患者中,阿司匹林联合利伐沙班显着降低心血管事件风险,这就说明这些药物是相互作用,且可以联合使用的。口服抗栓药物治疗是心血管疾病防治的重要措施。抗栓治疗在获益的同时又不可避免的面临出血风险,在抗栓治疗导致的出血事件中,消化道出血占了70%~80%。所以用好抗栓药物的关键是,如何减少抗栓药物的出血不良反应,尤其是消化道出血。为了促进抗栓药物的合理使用,《中华心血管病杂志(网络版)》编辑委员会组织心血管及消化领域的专家,参阅近年发布的国内外相关指南和专家共识,聚焦口服抗栓药物的消化道损伤及相关问题,制定本共识。该共识主要包括目前临床常用的口服抗栓药物相关的消化道损伤及机制;消化道损伤和出血的风险评估和预防;消化道损伤的治疗;消化道出血停止后抗栓治疗的重启策略等。希望未来我们能够极大程度地减少或者避免抗栓药物使用过程中的消化道损伤甚至出血风险,这将对提高抗栓药物在动脉粥样硬化性疾病中的防治效率起到重要的作用。

《心关注》:您认为该共识发布后,对于我国心血管疾病治疗将产生哪些重要影响?

霍勇教授:《口服抗栓药物相关消化道损伤防治专家共识》是一个多学科专家共同努力的结晶,经过包括心血管内科和消化科专家多次讨论,最终撰写成文。在该共识编写的过程中,我们特别强调把新的循证医学证据、新的干预药物和有效的检测及治疗的手段写到共识里面,既有心血管方面对于消化道出血评估的评分,也有比如说在紧急情况下消化科急诊胃镜的处理,或新的抑制胃黏膜损伤药物的应用。这些多学科的参与,共同推动抗栓药物在心血管疾病防治中更加安全有效的应用。

《心关注》:在抗栓药物联用质子泵抑制剂(PPI)的过程中,我们还需要注意哪些问题?

霍勇教授:PPI是减少消化道出血的一类革命性药物,既往普外科最常见的手术就是胃切除,究其病因,不是胃癌而是胃出血,近80%~90%行胃切除术的患者缘于胃穿孔、胃溃疡或者胃出血。然而PPI问世之后,这种情况几乎不再发生,这就意味着PPI这类药物在保护胃黏膜、减少溃疡及出血方面非常有效。

PPI对预防及治疗抗栓药物相关的消化道损伤甚至出血同样具有重要作用。然而,在联用PPI和抗栓药物的过程中,我们一定要考虑抗栓药物治疗的强度,比如说抗血小板药物与抗凝药物联用、双联抗血小板药物的使用或长期抗栓药物联用,这类患者抗栓药物应用强度较高;此外还要评估患者的出血风险,如果既往有消化道出血史、幽门螺杆菌阳性或其他消化道损伤和出血等高危因素,应该预防性应用PPI作为抗栓治疗减少消化道出血的伴随治疗。

另外,我们也需要注意PPI的代谢途径对抗栓药物疗效的影响。例如,抗血小板药物氯吡格雷和奥美拉唑、艾司奥美拉唑均通过CYP2C19途径代谢,药物之间存在着竞争性抑制——这两种PPI会抑制氯吡格雷的活化,从而减弱抗血小板作用。因此,临床上若需联用氯吡格雷和PPI时,建议选用对CYP2C19抑制作用弱的PPI。目前的研究显示,雷贝拉唑和泮托拉唑对CYP2C19的抑制作用较弱,较少影响氯吡格雷的代谢。

专家介绍

霍勇

北京大学第一医院主任医师、教授、博士生导师,兼任世界华人心血管医师协会会长、亚洲心脏病学会主席、世界华人医师协会副会长、中国胸痛中心认证工作委员会主任委员、中国医师协会胸痛专业委员会主任委员、中国医师协会心血管内科医师分会副会长、中国心血管健康联盟副主席、苏州工业园区心血管健康研究院院长。霍勇教授积极推动中国心血管病介入诊疗技术的普及、规范和发展,主持建立了中国胸痛中心认证体系,促进急性心肌梗死救治体系建设。主持全国心血管疾病医疗质量控制、专科医师培训和认证体系建设,牵头制定多项国家疾病诊疗标准和心血管专业的指南和共识以及2部国际指南。先后主持了“十一五”“十二五”“十三五”等多项国家级课题,28项国内外创新药物临床研究;在JAMA等顶级国际学术期刊发表SCI文章267篇;担任《中华心血管病杂志(网络版)》《中国医学前沿杂志(电子版)》《中国介入心脏病学杂志》主编;主编学术专着86部;获得11项发明专利;荣获全国创新争先奖状、国家科学技术进步奖二等奖、华夏医学科技奖一等奖等多个奖项。

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    2022-03-18 jklm09
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    2021-09-23 xinmeili
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    2021-09-22 1249bdb7m80暂无昵称

    受益匪浅

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