Nat Commun:科学家揭示人类年龄相关的黄斑变性发生的遗传原因

2022-07-30 生物谷 生物谷

来自Garvan研究所等机构的科学家们通过研究对干细胞进行了重编程从而制造出了眼疾细胞模型,随后分析其DNA、RNA和蛋白质就能确定相应的遗传线索。

由于发现了疾病相关的新型基因特征,科学家们距离更好地诊断和治疗无法治愈的眼病相关的黄斑变性又近了一步。近日,一篇发表在国际杂志Nature Communications上题为“Transcriptomic and proteomic retinal pigment epithelium signatures of age-related macular degeneration”的研究报告中,来自Garvan研究所等机构的科学家们通过研究对干细胞进行了重编程从而制造出了眼疾细胞模型,随后分析其DNA、RNA和蛋白质就能确定相应的遗传线索。

研究者Joseph Powell说道,如今我们测试了人类基因影响参与年龄相关黄斑变性的细胞差异的方式,在最小的范围内我们已经缩小了特定类型的细胞从而确定这种疾病的遗传标记,这是精准化医学研究的基础,在这一点上我们能分析哪种治疗手段对一个人的疾病遗传特征最为有效。与年龄相关的黄斑变性(AMD)是眼睛中黄斑的逐渐恶化,黄斑是位于眼睛视网膜中心和眼睛后面的区域,AMD会导致中央视力受损或丧失,大约七分之一50岁以上的澳大利亚人群会受到影响,在80岁以上的人群中大约有15%的患者会出现视力下降或失明的表现。黄斑恶化背后的原因目前研究人员仍然并不清楚,但遗传和环境因素或许发挥了重要作用,这些风险因素包括年龄、家族史和吸烟等。

文章中,研究人员对79名患和未患晚期AMD的参与者机体的皮肤样本进行了相关分析,其皮肤细胞能被重编程为称之为诱导多能干细胞的干细胞,随后利用分子信号对其引导使其转变为视网膜色素上皮细胞,也就是受AMD影响的细胞。视网膜色素上皮细胞能排列在视网膜背面,对于视网膜的健康和功能非常重要,其退化与光感受器的死亡有关,光感受器是视网膜上的感光神经元,其能将视觉信号传递到大脑中,同时也是负责AMD患者视力丧失的原因。研究人员对127,600细胞的分析揭示了与AMD相关的439个分子特征,其中43个特征或许是潜在的新型基因突变体,随后研究人员在细胞测试中确定了关键的通路,并揭示了健康和AMD细胞之间产生能量的线粒体的差异,从而就使得线粒体蛋白能成为预防或改变AMD进程的潜在靶点。此外,这些分析特征还能被用于在培养皿中使用患者特异性的细胞进行治疗筛选。

研究者Alice Pébay说道,我们非常感兴趣将患者的遗传特征与最佳药物进行匹配,同时还需要测定其是如何对疾病相关的细胞发挥作用的。研究人员一直在其所感兴趣的干细胞研究领域进行相关研究,其或能在非常大的规模上建立疾病模型来利于未来临床试验中新型疗法的筛选。在另一项研究中,研究人员利用视网膜和视神经的干细胞模型进行研究,发现了青光眼的遗传特征,同时他们还将注意力转移到了分析人类帕金森疾病和心血管疾病的遗传原因上。综上,本文研究结果揭示了与地理性萎缩相关的视网膜色素上皮细胞平衡的重要差异。

原始出处:

Senabouth, A., Daniszewski, M., Lidgerwood, G.E. et al. Transcriptomic and proteomic retinal pigment epithelium signatures of age-related macular degenerationNat Commun 13, 4233 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-31707-4

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    2022-10-04 liye789132251
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    2023-06-12 liuli5079
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    2022-08-01 huangdf
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    2022-08-01 muzishouyi
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    2022-07-30 ms9000000523035804

    继续学习

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