重复 两篇Cell共同揭秘:热量限制为何能延缓衰老——让你有一个“年轻”的生物钟

2017-08-15 佚名 生物探索

人们普遍认为,随着时间的推移,干细胞不再能区分昼夜循环,换句话说,它们丧失了生物节律,而这种损失促进了衰老进程。然而,事实并非如此。来自生物医学研究所(IRB巴塞罗那)、庞培法布拉大学(UPF西班牙)和加州大学欧文分校(US)的科学家们在近日发表于Cell上的两项研究中否定了这一假说。研究认为,在衰老过程中,干细胞继续表现出节律活动,但却重新编辑了它们的节律功能。



人们普遍认为,随着时间的推移,干细胞不再能区分昼夜循环,换句话说,它们丧失了生物节律,而这种损失促进了衰老进程。然而,事实并非如此。来自生物医学研究所(IRB巴塞罗那)、庞培法布拉大学(UPF西班牙)和加州大学欧文分校(US)的科学家们在近日发表于Cell上的两项研究中否定了这一假说。研究认为,在衰老过程中,干细胞继续表现出节律活动,但却重新编辑了它们的节律功能。


 




“虽然老年干细胞保留了昼夜节律,但它们不得不执行另一套功能来处理随着年龄增长而产生的问题。” 领导这两项研究的共同资深作者Salvador Aznar Benitah解释道。科学家们不知道这种重编程是如何发生的。Aznar Benitah补充说,“随着年龄的增长,干细胞失去了组织维护所必需的节律功能,而逐渐被应对压力的功能所取代。”在自然衰老过程中,干细胞以前的生物节律功能丧失,在某种程度上造成了更大的损伤和衰老。”

两项研究的共同第一作者Guiomar Solanas和Francisca Oliveira Peixoto在一天之中的不同时间点比较了来自年轻小鼠(3个月)与老年小鼠(在18 - 22个月大)的三种不同组织:皮肤、肌肉和肝脏的干细胞, Solanas说:“这些实验在技术上非常复杂,要求很高,但结果令人吃惊。”


图片来源:Aged Stem Cells Reprogram Their Daily Rhythmic Functions to Adapt to Stress

每种组织都有特定的重新编程

基因重编程是为了应对累积的DNA损伤、发炎组织和低效的细胞自我清理过程(自噬)。“尽管衰老总是涉及到生理上的重新编程,但我们研究结果的一个有趣的地方是,这种重新编程对于每一种组织来说都是特殊的、不同的。这一观察结果暗示,尽管整个生物体都在衰老,但每个组织却以不同方式经历这一过程。因此为了解决延缓衰老的问题,有必要单独研究每一种组织。” 庞培法布拉大学的研究员,其中一项研究的作者之一Pura muozcnoves解释道。

低卡路里饮食可以保持年轻的昼夜节律

许多研究都表明,低卡路里饮食会延缓灵长类动物和小鼠衰老的迹象。在另一组实验中,Peixoto和Solanas给老年小鼠喂食6个月的低卡路里饮食,并与正常饮食的小鼠进行比较,发现低卡路里饮食的动物们保留了大部分年轻的节律功能。

低卡路里饮食对预防生理衰老的影响有很大的帮助。Aznar Benitah说:“保持干细胞的节律年轻很重要,因为最终这些细胞在组织中负责更新,并保留着非常明显的昼夜循环,少吃似乎可以预防组织衰老,因此阻止了干细胞重编程其昼夜节律活动。”


图片来源:Circadian Reprogramming in the Liver Identifies Metabolic Pathways of Aging

据UCI和巴塞罗那研究人员介绍,这些研究可以帮助解释为什么热量限制饮食延缓衰老。目前尚不清楚低卡路里饮食在人类中是否也存在类似的作用。“这种饮食不太可能被广泛遵循,因为人们不得不持续饥饿,所以需要很强大的意志力;此外,这种饮食只能为身体提供进行基本功能的最低能量,长此以往可能会对人们的日常生活产生负面影响。”Aznar Benitah如此强调。科学家解释说,就这一点而言,进一步研究为什么新陈代谢对干细胞衰老过程具有如此显著的影响十分重要,一旦确定了代谢影响衰老的机制,就能够开发调节这一过程的治疗方法。

原始出处:

[1] Shogo Sato, Guiomar Solanas, Francisca Oliveira Peixoto Selma Masri,et.al. Circadian Reprogramming in the Liver Identifies Metabolic Pathways of Aging. Cell

[2] Guiomar Solanas, Francisca Oliveira Peixoto, Eusebio Perdiguero, et.al. Aged Stem Cells Reprogram Their Daily Rhythmic Functions to Adapt to Stress. Cell

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    2018-07-22 维他命
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J Cell Mol Med:MiR-30a通过抑制Beclin1介导的自噬改善肝纤维化。

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PloS One:CD13 表达在治疗非小细胞肺癌中的潜在作用

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牛!华人科学家同日连发6篇Cell!

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