Sci Transl Med:一种流行的食品添加剂,或增加糖尿病和肥胖风险

2019-05-03 佚名 中国生物技术网

近日,根据美国哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院领导的一项研究显示,食用广泛用于烘焙食品、动物饲料和人造香料的丙酸盐,似乎会增加几种与肥胖和糖尿病风险相关的激素水平。

近日,根据美国哈佛大学T.H.Chan公共卫生学院领导的一项研究显示,食用广泛用于烘焙食品、动物饲料和人造香料的丙酸盐,似乎会增加几种与肥胖和糖尿病风险相关的激素水平。

这项研究结合了人类和小鼠研究中随机安慰剂对照试验的数据,表明丙酸盐触发了一系列代谢事件,导致胰岛素抵抗和高胰岛素血症。研究结果还表明,在小鼠中,长期接触丙酸盐会导致小鼠体重增加和胰岛素抵抗。该研究近日已发表在《Science Translational Medicine》上。

研究通讯作者、营养、遗传和代谢研究中心主任Gokhan s . Hotamışlıgil说:“了解食物中的成分如何在分子和细胞水平上影响身体代谢,可以帮助我们制定简单而有效的措施,以应对肥胖和糖尿病这两种流行病。”

全球已有超过4亿的糖尿病患者,尽管采取了广泛的措施控制糖尿病的发展,但到2040年,发病率预计将增加40%。在过去50年中,糖尿病和肥胖症病例的激增表明,环境和饮食因素一定在影响这一流行病的蔓延。研究人员已经提出,包括用于烹调或保存食物的食品添加剂可能是一个因素,但鲜有研究对这些分子进行评估。

这项新研究结果表明,丙酸盐可能是一种“代谢干扰物”,增加了人类患糖尿病和肥胖症的风险。

在该研究中,研究人员将焦点集中在丙酸盐,这是一种天然存在的短链脂肪酸,有助于防止霉菌在食物上形成。他们首先给小鼠注射了丙酸盐,并发现它迅速激活其交感神经系统,导致激素的激增,包括胰高血糖素、去甲肾上腺素和一种新发现的称为脂肪酸结合蛋白4(FABP4)的糖异生激素。这反过来又导致小鼠从肝细胞中产生更多的葡萄糖,从而导致高血糖,这是糖尿病的一个明确特征。此外,研究人员发现,将小鼠长期暴露于每日低剂量的丙酸盐中,其剂量相当于人类通常摄入的丙酸盐剂量,会导致其体重显著增加和胰岛素抵抗。

为了将这一发现应用于人类,研究人员建立了一项包括14名健康参与者的双盲、安慰剂对照研究。参与者被随机分为两组:一组给予含有1克丙酸盐作为添加剂的膳食,另一组给予含有安慰剂的膳食。在餐前和餐后15分钟内采集血样,之后每30分钟采集一次,共持续4小时。

研究人员发现,食用含有丙酸盐膳食的参与者在进食后不久,就出现去甲肾上腺素、胰高血糖素和FABP4的水平都明显增加。



研究结果表明,丙酸盐可能作为“代谢干扰物”增加人类糖尿病和肥胖的风险。研究人员指出,虽然美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)普遍认为丙酸盐是安全的,但这些新发现有必要进行更深入调查并寻找可能的替代添加剂。

研究第一作者、内分泌系主任研究员Amir Tirosh说:“过去50年来,肥胖和糖尿病发病率急剧上升,这与环境及饮食因素密切相关。其中一个值得注意的因素是普通食品中添加的各种化学物质。我们每天都能接触到数以百计的这些物质,而其中大多数尚未详细测试潜在的长期代谢影响。了解这些物质如何在分子和细胞水平影响机体代谢,可能有助制定简单有效的应对策略,从而解决糖尿病和肥胖症高发问题。”

原始出处:
Amir Tirosh, Ediz S. Calay, Gurol Tuncman, et al. The short-chain fatty acid propionate increases glucagon and FABP4 production, impairing insulin action in mice and humans. Science Translational Medicine. 24 Apr 2019.

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    2019-05-03 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

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贝勒医学院分子病毒学和微生物学教授Robert Britton研究组在体外和动物模型实验中证实,作为食品添加剂被广泛使用的海藻糖增强了感染者体内c-diff毒力。

重复 Nature Communications:干细胞平台发现食品添加剂破坏人体激素并导致肥胖

添加到早餐麦片和其他日常产品中的化学物质会使你肥胖吗?动物实验中越来越多的证据表明答案可能“是”,但在人类中证实这些发现至今仍面临着难以逾越的障碍。8月9日发表在Nature Communications上美国Cedars-Sinai医疗中心的研究人员开发了一种新的平台和操作方法来测试内分泌干扰物对人类的影响。

Gut:食品添加剂可以直接改变肠道微生物群的组成和基因表达!

肠道微生物群在许多慢性炎性疾病(包括IBD和代谢综合征)的发展中发挥关键作用。管理能够改变微生物群组成的物质,包括合成膳食乳化剂聚山梨醇酯80(P80)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC),可以促进炎性疾病。然而,炎症本身对微生物群组成的影响已被模糊化,即是这些化合物或其他物质直接作用于微生物群还是作用于宿主进而促进炎症,随后重塑微生物群。近期,一项发表在杂志Gut上的研究使用人体肠道微生物生态系统(M-SH