带状疱疹是皮肤病还是神经病?

2019-05-27 佚名 杏林之声

带状疱疹前段时间在娱乐圈火了一把。开始是蔡依林,据报道说春节期间不慎病毒感染,引发带状疱疹,无独有偶,蔡依林之后,马思纯也在微博告知粉丝得了带状疱疹,求安慰自黑。有的人觉得带状疱疹在身上会出现很多疹子,所以这是一种皮肤病;有的人觉得带状疱疹特别痛,所以是一种神经病,那么,带状疱疹究竟该何去何从呢?

带状疱疹前段时间在娱乐圈火了一把。开始是蔡依林,据报道说春节期间不慎病毒感染,引发带状疱疹,无独有偶,蔡依林之后,马思纯也在微博告知粉丝得了带状疱疹,求安慰自黑。有的人觉得带状疱疹在身上会出现很多疹子,所以这是一种皮肤病;有的人觉得带状疱疹特别痛,所以是一种神经病,那么,带状疱疹究竟该何去何从呢?

一、带状疱疹是什么?

首先我们要明确,带状疱疹是由潜伏在神经节中的水痘带状疱疹病毒引起的急性炎症性神经——皮肤共病,它的本质是神经损伤性疾病。

二、带状疱疹为什么会引起剧烈的神经痛?

那么带状疱疹皮肤上这些小小的的疱疹,怎么会引起特别剧烈的神经痛呢?这要从带状疱疹的病理机制说起。儿时的我们可能都被感染过水痘-带状疱疹病毒,它一直潜伏在我们的神经节中,机体免疫功能下降时,这些病毒被激活后开始在神经细胞中大量繁殖,引发神经节的炎症反应,这时即使皮肤上还没有出现水疱,大量病毒刺激着感觉神经节,很多人就已经体验到了沿着这条神经分布区的疼痛,称为前驱痛。这种疼痛让人有些莫名其妙,让人无法言说,让人焦虑烦躁,让人无法呼吸,甚至让人痛不欲生。然后复制繁殖的大量病毒沿着神经传播到皮肤,沿一侧周围神经形成簇集水泡,呈群集带状分布,伴有明显神经痛。带状疱疹一般单侧发生,发疹前可有轻度乏力、低热、纳差等全身症状,患处皮肤自觉灼热感或者神经痛,触之有明显的痛觉敏感,持续1~3天,亦可无前驱症状即发疹。年龄越大,越容易发病,疼痛会越剧烈,越容易留下后遗神经痛。带状疱疹最常见于胸部(55%)、颅脑(20%)、腰部(15%)和骶部。典型表现为病损区域的疼痛,之后出现红斑丘疹,再之后出现成群分布的水疱。神经痛可在发病前或伴随皮损出现,老年患者常较为剧烈。带状疱疹一般2~3周,水疱干涸、结痂脱落后留有暂时性淡红斑或色素沉着,在人的身上留下痕迹。

三、带状疱疹病毒的两大特点

这个病毒有两大特点,一是种属特异,专门感染我们人类,对其他物种没有传染性;另一个特点是它嗜神经,亲皮肤,主要破坏这两类组织。一旦人体的免疫力低下、病毒开始猖獗,繁殖出来的大量病毒后代,带着非常强的毒性,沿着感觉神经跑到此神经支配的皮肤上,沿途大肆侵蚀破坏,让这条神经出现全面的溃变,在神经支配区域的皮肤上产生疱疹。神经都是线状分布的,那疱疹自然也就呈带状了,带状疱疹就是这样得名的。

四、带状疱疹后遗神经痛

带状疱疹很可怕,虽然皮肤可以治愈,但很少有人知道,即使患者皮肤表面的带状疱疹完全治愈消失,还会有一部分患者会并发严重的带状疱疹后遗神经痛,临床上称之为“带状疱疹后遗神经痛”。在过去,有人把这种严重的顽固性疼痛称为“不死的癌症”。带状疱疹之所以会留下神经痛,是因为此处的神经被疱疹病毒侵犯蚕食破坏的结果,因此我们不仅要关注皮肤上的疱疹,更要关注皮下受伤的神经。

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    2021-07-23 ms9000002057230290

    生殖器疱疹也要各界了解下,研究下特效药

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    2019-05-28 axin012
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