克利夫兰发布2021年十大医疗创新产品

2020-10-07 MedSci MedSci

今天,由克利夫兰医学中心在线举办第18届年度医疗创新峰会,揭晓2021年十大医疗创新产品。专家们选出了十个有望在明年产生影响的突破性医疗设备和治疗方法,这些改变医学的创新,会改变无数患者的人生,按预期

今天,由克利夫兰医学中心在线举办第18届年度医疗创新峰会,揭晓2021年十大医疗创新产品。专家们选出了十个有望在明年产生影响的突破性医疗设备和治疗方法,这些改变医学的创新,会改变无数患者的人生,按预期的重要性排名。

#1 Gene Therapy for Hemoglobinopathies

血红蛋白病的基因治疗

血红蛋白负责在血液中输送氧气。血红蛋白病是一种会影响血红蛋白分子的遗传性疾病。最常见的包括镰状细胞病和地中海贫血,这些疾病加在一起每年影响全球330,000多名婴儿。两者都会导致人体血红蛋白和氧气不足,从而损害神经和器官,包括肾脏,肝脏和脾脏,并且可能致命。目前唯一的治疗方法是血液和骨髓移植,可惜只有很少一部分患者有幸得到治疗。血红蛋白病领域的最新研究带来了一种实验性的基因疗法,通过最精准的科学,有希望帮助病人身体生成具有正常功能的血红蛋白分子。

基因治疗重要的突破口之一可能是镰状细胞病和地中海贫血,正式能进入临床应用。

#2 Novel Drug for Primary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
治疗原发性多发性硬化症的新药

FDA批准了一种新的具有新靶标的治疗性单克隆抗体。Ocrelizumab是首个也是目前唯一的针对原发性进展期MS患者的治疗药物。

Ocrelizumab是选择性靶向CD20+ B细胞的人源单抗,起始剂量为600mg,分2次给药,每周1次300mg,之后治疗剂量为600mg,每6个月1次,是目前为止最长效的MS治疗药物。

#3 Smartphone-Connected Pacemaker Device
心脏起搏器连接智能手机

心脏起搏器首次与患者每天使用的智能手机/平板电脑相连,无缝进入患者生活,进行安全而直接的通讯,便于追踪、理解和关注患者心脏健康,使患者与医生的互动更加紧密和高效。尤其在COVID其间,减少了到院就诊的必要,最先进的技术提供最先进的保护。

#4 New Medication for Cystic Fibrosis

治疗囊性纤维化的新药

囊性纤维化是一种肺部遗传性疾病,其特征是粘稠的粘液会阻塞气道,蓄积细菌,从而导致感染,炎症和其他并发症。该病是由于CFTR蛋白发生缺陷而引起的。以往开发的药物仅对具有高度特异性突变的人有效。Elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor是CFTR调节剂和氯通道开放剂的固定剂量联合药物,已在2019年10月获FDA批准用于CFTR基因中至少有一个F508del突变的CF患者,缓解病情。据估计,带有F508del突变的患者占该疾病患者的90%。

#5 Universal Hepatitis C Treatment

通用的丙型肝炎治疗

丙型肝炎被美国疾病防控制中心列“无声的流行病”,已成美国主要的公共问题。在今年丙肝的发现,获得了2020年度诺贝尔奖。感染丙型肝炎病毒会重的威生命的健康问题,例如肝衰竭,肝硬化和肝癌。由于没有针对该病毒的疫苗,患者只能使用物治,但是多治方法都伴随有不良副作用或仅对某些基因型有效。

Sofosbuvir/velpatasvir被批准为治疗成人丙肝的最适方案。该药物可有效抑制在丙肝病毒RNA复制中起关键作用的蛋白质。大多数患者每天只需服用一粒药,持续12周。它覆盖六种丙型肝炎基因型1-6,有效率超90%更广泛的患者提供了更有效的治疗选择

#6 Bubble CPAP for Increased Lung Function in Premature Babies

Bubble CPAP提高早产儿的肺功能

体重过轻,身体虚弱的早产婴儿通常需要特殊理。对儿呼吸窘迫合征(IRDS)患者,通常在机械通气期间给婴儿服用表面活性种做法可能引起期肺部害,并致慢性肺部疾病的展。与机械通气不同,b-CPAP是一种非侵入性的通气策略,可向新生儿提供持的气道正,在呼气保持肺活量。振而不是恒定的力增强了安全性和有效性,当期使用时,可以最大程度地减少物理损伤并刺激肺部生
 

#7 Increased Access to Telemedicine through Novel Practice & Policy Changes

新政策催增程医疗服务 

COVID-19期间,我们看到了越来越多的在线诊疗和远程医疗。自三月以来,各州和联邦监管机构迅速采取行动,打破壁垒,清除种种障碍。这些政府和医疗提供者政策上的根本转变,使得越来越多的虚拟护理模式和远程医疗得以实现。不仅加快病患获得医疗服务的速度,同时也保护了医疗工作者和社区成员。这些措施为远程医疗打开了闸门,催生了很多新网络和新项目。

 

#8 Vacuum-Induced Uterine Tamponade Device for Postpartum Hemorrhage

控制产后出血的真空诱导的子宫压塞器

产后出血(postpartum hemorrhage PPH)是分娩后的一种可怕的并发症,影响到1-5%的产妇。产后大出血的产妇可能需要输血,使用有危险副作用的药物,长时间的手术,甚至不得不紧急切除子宫,最终失去生育能力。非手术方式,使用球囊压迫子宫内出血部位是很常用的止血方法。该领域的最新进展令人瞩目,由真空诱导的子宫压塞器利用宫内产生的负压使出血腔塌陷,比球囊压迫更具生理性。这个设备为临床医生应对产后并发症提供了另一种微创手段,另外,这种技术含量低的解决方法也更容易惠及资源匮乏的发展中国家。

#9 PARP Inhibitors for Prostate Cancer

PARP抑制剂用于前列腺癌

前列腺癌是常的一种男性癌症。在美国,前列腺癌每年影响着近200,000名男性的生活。PARP抑制剂,也就是多ADP核糖聚合酶抑制剂,可以阻止肿瘤细胞修复受损的DNA,从而增加肿瘤细胞死亡,尤其是那些有修复机制缺陷的肿瘤。两种在女性癌症中展现出疗效的PARP抑制,已被明可以延男性前列腺癌的展。Rucaparib和Olaparib均于20205月被批准用于治疗前列腺癌,为世界各地的男性拓了治疗选择,打开了提高生存率的大

#10 Immunologics for Migraine Prophylaxis

预防偏头痛的免疫药物

偏头痛绝不仅仅是偶尔的压力性头痛,它是一种与脑神经细胞和血管功能障碍有关的神经血管疾病。在美国有超过3800万人受到影响,约占成年人口的12%,在1555岁之间的女性中最常见。对患者的生活和工作都造成很大影响,其医疗相关费用也比不患病的人高70%。
 
2018年,一种预防偏头痛的新药物问世 :降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)单克隆抗体,该类药物通过抑制CGRP分子的活性来发挥作用。批准用于预防慢性偏头痛和发作性偏头痛的该类药物中的前三种是erenumabgalcanezumabfremanezumab。治疗方法是每月一次的注射,并且耐受性极好。对于大多数人来说,除了注射部位有些疼痛之外,几乎没有不良反应。20202月批准了首个预防偏头痛的静脉用药:eptinezumab。这类药物已在预防偏头痛的药物库中占据重要地位,飙升的处方量丝毫没有减缓的趋势。这些新药正在帮助无数患者恢复正常生活和工作。

信息来源:

https://innovations.clevelandclinic.org/Programs/Top-10-Medical-Innovations/Top-10-for-2021

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    2020-10-09 1e0d9cbam77(暂无匿称)

    学习了新知识

    0

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    2020-10-07 lovetcm

    #十大#有些并不新呀

    0

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