Nat Med:科学家可能已经发现了如何逆转自然老化过程

2017-03-27 冯维维 中国科学报

来自年轻人的血液具有治愈衰老的疗效,那么人们是否可以不通过捐助者获得年轻血液呢?一种新发现的可让造血干细胞保持年轻的蛋白或许可以提供帮助。

来自年轻人的血液具有治愈衰老的疗效,那么人们是否可以不通过捐助者获得年轻血液呢?一种新发现的可让造血干细胞保持年轻的蛋白或许可以提供帮助。

年轻血液重新焕发青春的结论来自一项将年轻小鼠和年老小鼠缝合在一起共享循环系统的实验。结果,年老小鼠的健康水平提升了,而年轻小鼠的健康水平退化了。其他动物实验也表明年轻或年老血液具有类似效应。

这在人体中亦可发挥作用。年轻血液被尝试用于治疗阿尔茨海默氏症等疾病。年老小鼠在被注射入年轻人血液后也表现出认知、记忆和生理活动水平的提高。

但这些研究均依赖年轻人捐助血液,如果要成为治疗与衰老相关疾病的疗法,将很难获得足够的捐献血液满足需求。


不过,人们血液中的干细胞可以提供另一个选择。人体的红色和白色血细胞是由干细胞生成的,后者来源于骨髓中的 “母体” 干细胞。随着年龄的增长,母体干细胞的数量会下降。世界上最长寿的女性在 115 岁去世时,她的血液中仅剩下两个母体干细胞。

母体干细胞的减少会导致人们的红血细胞和 B、T 淋巴细胞衰减子等白血细胞减少。这会导致贫血、活力减退以及免疫系统弱化。“通常老年人体内的免疫系统不能更好地抵抗感染。” 德国乌尔姆大学的 Hartmut Geiger 说。

Geiger 的团队检查了小鼠的骨髓,发现年老小鼠体内的一种名为骨调素的蛋白更少。为了了解这些蛋白是否会对造血干细胞产生影响,该团队给小鼠体内注射了缺乏骨调素的干细胞,发现那些细胞迅速变老。

当培养皿中的衰老干细胞被混合入骨调素和一种激活它的蛋白之后,它们开始像年轻的干细胞那样生成白血细胞。这表明,骨调素让干细胞的行为更加年轻化。“如果我们可以将此用于治疗,那么就可以让衰老血液再次年轻。”Geiger says。

加州大学斯坦福大学的 Hanadie Yousef 说:“这令人非常激动。” 但她表示,仍需要进一步研究从而了解该方法是否可以重新激活整个血液系统。

原始出处:

Ryan MA, Nattamai KJ, Xing E,etal. Pharmacological inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances G-CSF-induced hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Nat Med. 2010 Oct;16(10):1141-6.

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    2018-03-04 liye789132251
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    2017-03-28 哈夫

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