Pediatrics:早产儿在妊娠晚期应重视神经影像检查

2015-01-26 mrsamrsa 丁香园

新近研究质疑了妊娠小于30周的早产儿行早期头声像图检查的价值。在最近的这类研究中,研究者发现妊娠晚期头声像检查和近期MRI检查与神经发育障碍有独立相关性。 斯坦福大学医学院和加利福尼亚州帕罗奥图Lucile Packard儿童医院的Susan R. Hintz及其同事说这一发现强调了“神经影像学妊娠晚期检查的相对预后价值”。这一研究发表在Pediatrics杂志12月1日的线上版。

新近研究质疑了妊娠小于30周的早产儿行早期头声像图检查的价值。在最近的这类研究中,研究者发现妊娠晚期头声像检查和近期MRI检查与神经发育障碍有独立相关性。

斯坦福大学医学院和加利福尼亚州帕罗奥图Lucile Packard儿童医院的Susan R. Hintz及其同事说这一发现强调了“神经影像学妊娠晚期检查的相对预后价值”。这一研究发表在Pediatrics杂志12月1日的线上版。

时间和形式的问题

作者说:“神经发育不良的结果,包括痉挛性麻痹,常与早产儿头声像图检查的异常相关联,但研究结果随着头声像图检查的时间而不同。”在美国,早产儿通常在7—14天龄接受头声像学图检查。近期的研究也建议磁共振异常在预测妊娠晚期神经发育障碍起到一定作用。

近期磁共振所示的早产儿白质损伤和神经肌肉损伤一样,与脑成熟紊乱有关。磁共振而非脑声像图检查所示的小脑损伤也可能也与神经系统疾病高发风险有一定联系。Hintz及其同事说“尽管头声像学检查和脑磁共振在早产儿的诊断中已颇具经验,但对于神经成像研究应采用哪种形式,何时实施以及它们的诊断价值都还存在争议。”

由此,Eunice Kennedy Shriver国家研究所的儿童健康和人类发展新生儿研究网络计划对480名妊娠期小于28周并存活的早产儿进行了神经成像和神经发育结果研究。480名新生儿均进行了早期头声像学图检查(在4—14日龄)、近期头声像图检查和磁共振(孕35—42周龄)。

该研究有两个目的:探查近期脑磁共振所发现的白质异常与小脑损伤的联系,及妊娠早期与晚期头声像图检查的阳性发现对神经发育在18—22月龄结果的关系;并在考虑到其他围产期和新生儿期危险因素的情况下评估妊娠早期、晚期头声像学图检查和磁共振预测结果的相对价值。

妊娠晚期成像更有价值

调查者称在多变量模型中,妊娠晚期头声像学图检查和近期磁共振的发现和神经发育障碍或死亡有独立相关性。在妊娠晚期头声像学图检查中中度或重度结果对于神经发育障碍的调整后优势比为9.8,对重度神经障碍或死亡的调整后优势比为10.9。而磁共振检查中显著的小脑损伤对于神经发育障碍的调整后优势比为3.0,对重度神经障碍或死亡的调整后优势比为5.2。

对比得出,早期头声像学检查与神经发育结果并无独立相关性。调查者总结道“我们的结果表明有些近期成像检查(妊娠晚期头声像学图检查或脑磁共振)较之单独的早期头声像学图检查和围生期因素价值更高。

我们的结果强调了理解脑损伤随时间演化结果的需要比只依赖早期检查结果更可信,并建议早产儿在神经成像上的复查。”作者评价该研究对极低龄早产儿成像预测价值“增添了重要信息”,并且作者“在现行指南中建议这些早产儿适时进行复查。”

休斯顿德克萨斯州立大学医学院儿科医生Eric Eichenwald评论道介于早期头声像学图检查预测价值不高,所有极低龄早产儿都应常规在妊娠晚期或围生期行一种或多种神经成像检查。

他也提到必须注意到在妊娠晚期头声像图检查或磁共振异常的幸存新生儿实质上在18-22月龄时并无严重损伤。这提示了“预测新生儿个体的危险和我们对社会影响的有限理解或者其他脑发展的因素”。

Hintz及其同事回应Eichenwald道,神经成像的发现“不是只用于预测结果,亦可呈现新生儿神经成像得出家族作为单个预测因素,在没有局限的明确背景下,即不合适也不准确”。

原始出处:

Hintz SR1, Barnes PD2, Bulas D3, Slovis TL4, Finer NN5, Wrage LA6, Das A7, Tyson JE8, Stevenson DK2, Carlo WA9, Walsh MC10, Laptook AR11, Yoder BA12, Van Meurs KP2, Faix RG12, Rich W13, Newman NS10, Cheng H6, Heyne RJ14, Vohr BR11, Acarregui MJ15, Vaucher YE16, Pappas A17, Peralta-Carcelen M9, Wilson-Costello DE10, Evans PW8, Goldstein RF18, Myers GJ19, Poindexter BB20, McGowan EC21, Adams-Chapman I22, Fuller J23, Higgins RD24; SUPPORT Study Group of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome in extremely preterm infants.Pediatrics. 2015 Jan;135(1):e32-42. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-0898. Epub 2014 Dec 1.

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    2015-07-22 feather89
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    2015-08-18 gj0740
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    2015-04-12 hbwxf
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