TCT 2018丨局麻是手术中高危患者行TAVR的良好选择

2018-09-27 国际循环编辑部 国际循环

2018年9月23日,第30届TCT科学年会上发布的SOLVE-TAVI研究最新结果显示,手术中高危患者行经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)时采用局麻和全麻均同样安全有效;采用第一代球囊可扩张瓣膜与当前新一代自膨胀瓣膜的结局相似。

2018年9月23日,第30届TCT科学年会上发布的SOLVE-TAVI研究最新结果显示,手术中高危患者行经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)时采用局麻和全麻均同样安全有效;采用第一代球囊可扩张瓣膜与当前新一代自膨胀瓣膜的结局相似。

近年来,TAVR被越来越多地用于治疗症状性严重主动脉瓣狭窄的手术中高危患者。相关注册研究数据显示,TAVR手术中采用全麻及局麻者约各半;与全麻相比,局麻有助于降低死亡率,缩短手术时间、ICU停留时间及住院时间。但目前尚无具有充分效力的随机试验比较采用上述两种类型的麻醉方法对TAVR结局的影响。

SOLVE-TAVI研究是一项随机前瞻性多中心临床试验,共计入选447例手术中高危的症状性严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者,以2 x2析因设计方法将其分为全麻组与局麻组以及球囊扩张Sapien 3瓣膜组和自膨胀CoreValve Evolut R瓣膜组。研究主要终点是30天时的全因死亡率、卒中、中重度人工瓣膜返流以及永久性起搏器植入的复合终点。结果显示,Evolut R 瓣膜组与Sapien 3瓣膜组主要终点的发生率分别为27.2%和26.1%,两者相比无显著差异(等效性P值=0.02)。

进一步分析显示,上述两组患者的主要终点中人工瓣膜返流及永久性起搏器植入发生率相似,但球囊扩张瓣膜的卒中发生率略高。对两种麻醉方式的对比显示,局麻与全麻组患者的主要疗效终点(30天时全因死亡率、卒中、心肌梗死、需抗生素治疗的感染及急性肾损伤的复合终点)发生率相似(27.0% vs. 25.5%,等效性P值=0.02)。但与全麻相比,局麻可增加儿茶酚胺使用率,但对手术时间、瓣膜相关结局及临床结局无影响。

德国莱比锡大学医院心脏中心的Holger Thiele教授强调,该研究提示,对TAVR手术而言,局麻安全有效,是手术中高危患者行TAVR的良好选择。

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Laryngoscope:局麻下行球囊扩张咽鼓管成形术可行吗?

为了研究在局麻下气囊咽鼓管成形术 (BET)是否可行及安全,该前瞻性多中心病例对照研究选择局麻下接受BET(n=13)或者鼻内镜手术(ESS)(n=12)的患者,有镇静和镇痛可能,监测在手术期间和恢复期间可能出现的副作用。术后,通过调查问卷评估患者的经历感受。结果显示,在BET组没有发现副作用。和ESS组相比,BET组患者报告了类似视觉模拟量表的疼痛值(5.0±0.7和3.2±0.7,均值±标准差