JNNP:扩展MOG抗体相关疾病(MOGAD)的表型:半个世纪的癫痫和复发性视神经炎

2020-11-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

自身免疫性疾病为临床神经学中发现新的表型开辟了一个新的领域。由于自身免疫病理生理学的研究,导致了包括长期免疫抑制在内的成功的治疗策略。髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病(MOGAD)中,中枢神经系统的

自身免疫性疾病为临床神经学中发现新的表型开辟了一个新的领域。由于自身免疫病理生理学的研究,导致了包括长期免疫抑制在内的成功的治疗策略。髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病(MOGAD)中,中枢神经系统的损伤与攻击有关。MOGAD的临床表型具有异质性和扩展性。在这里作者描述了一个新的现象,在一个莫加德血清阳性的病人中,作者已经随访了48年,类固醇反应性癫痫和视神经炎(ON)复发的同步性。通过对血液和脑脊液的反复成像、电诊断和实验室检查的长期随访,可以排除这种表型是由于常见的急性脑炎发作活动与ON的关联。

这位69岁的妇女疾病反复发作,通常在发作之前伴有一系列癫痫发作。四十八年前,她被诊断出患有癫痫病。目前她患有严重的夜间发作,左额叶发作部分复杂,偶有舌头咬伤和/或四肢短暂抽搐。第二天,她很疲倦,但从未患过脑病。她还在睡眠期间遭受周期性肢体运动,使她陷入睡眠麻痹状态。重复的脑电图和多导睡眠图始终显示出可能的左颞癫痫源区。CT和MR脑成像均正常。近20年来,她的发作频率保持在每月3到4次。在开始使用皮质类固醇治疗后,癫痫发作频率降低到每年3-5次。序列核磁共振扫描显示左视神经在发作时有孤立强化。脑部成像正常,没有脊髓病的证据。ON具有皮质类固醇反应性和依赖性,导致临床诊断为慢性复发性炎性视神经病变(CRION)。她的维持治疗药物包括泼尼松龙和霉酚酸酯。直到重新发现MOG抗体的相关性,才能证明临床诊断CRION的假定自身免疫病理学证据。她两次检测MOG血清阳性。当时,新报道的MOGAD与急性脑炎癫痫的关系被考虑和排除。针对水通道蛋白-4,N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸和电压门控钾通道以及抗核抗体(ANA)、抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)和副肿瘤抗体的群体分析恢复正常。

临床上,医生在过去29年的建议是,在发现症状时立即增加皮质类固醇的剂量,以保护视力。 值得注意的是,这通常也会阻止癫痫发作。最后,她开始详细记录自己的癫痫发作和发作情况(2015-2018年)。在这4年的观察期内,很明显,五分之三的ON发作前有1-2天的癫痫发作。重要的是,皮质类固醇剂量的增加(每天一次10-20毫克)总是阻止癫痫发作,而且有三次,口服皮质类固醇减量后,癫痫又复发。患者双侧视盘苍白。黄斑的光学相干断层扫描显示神经节细胞和内丛状层严重萎缩,在过去的6年中一直保持稳定。内核层没有增厚,也没有逆行性黄斑病变(微囊性黄斑水肿)的证据。

MOGAD的癫痫发作率为5%-21%,而AQP4抗体阳性的视神经脊髓炎频谱障碍(NMOSD)的发病率为0.4%-1%。MOGAD的3种癫痫表现形式多种多样,虽然多数为局灶性发作,但均为单相发作,MRI表现为孤立性或播散性脑炎。MOGAD并发ON和癫痫的病例已有报道,但均为单相或双相病程,MRI表现为炎性病变。3有些患者最初表现正常,但不久后出现更广泛的临床和影像学疾病。

血清蛋白的早期识别需要对MOG抗体进行调查,并及时开始皮质类固醇治疗。开始使用皮质类固醇的可能临界间隔是在症状出现后的48小时内。随后应缓慢口服皮质类固醇,以测试皮质类固醇的依赖性。影响中枢神经系统不同部位的阵发性发作的同步性是相互依存的,而且这两种疾病都对免疫抑制有反应。

Kleerekooper ITrip SAPlant GT, et al Expanding the phenotype of MOG antibody-associated disease (MOGAD): half a century of epilepsy and relapsing optic neuritis

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    2021-09-24 gj0740
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    2020-11-24 tastas
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    2020-11-24 Boyinsh
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    2020-11-22 言西早

    自身免疫性疾病为临床神经学中发现新的表型开辟了一个新的领域。

    0

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