影像组学在乳腺癌中的研究进展

2018-12-25 顾雅佳 (复旦大学附属肿瘤医院放射诊断科) 中华医学信息导

影像组学是近几年放射领域研究的热点之一,从流程看,影像组学和日常医生读片过程是一致的,医生读片首先看影像据,然后依靠人眼提取它的形态特征,这个过程称之为诊断意见。而影像组学就是从临床基因影像大数据中提取数据,利用人工智能的方法挖掘更多的病变信息,尤其对于肿瘤性病变,能够通过无创的手段全面地揭示肿瘤内和肿瘤间的异质性,从而辅助临床决策。

01

影像组学是近几年放射领域研究的热点之一,从流程看,影像组学和日常医生读片过程是一致的,医生读片首先看影像据,然后依靠人眼提取它的形态特征,这个过程称之为诊断意见。而影像组学就是从临床基因影像大数据中提取数据,利用人工智能的方法挖掘更多的病变信息,尤其对于肿瘤性病变,能够通过无创的手段全面地揭示肿瘤内和肿瘤间的异质性,从而辅助临床决策。

02

本文主要从乳腺疾病的影像组学入手,回顾了近两年在乳腺领域影像组学的研究进展,从辅助诊断、疗效评估、预后预测三个方面揭示了影像组学在临床中的潜在价值。Sebastian等通过对222例患者穿刺前的扩散成像(DWI)、弥散峰度成像(DKI)图像提取组学特征,发现其有助于鉴别可疑乳腺肿块的良恶性,可以显着降低BIRADS分级4a/4b患者的假阳性率(从66个降低到20个),可以避免良性结节患者的过度治疗。另一项研究发现联合利用T2W和DWI的多模态组学特征可以提高对前哨淋巴结转移的预测能力,试验集药时曲线下面积(AUC)达到0.863,而验证集也可达到0.805,为临床提供了一种无创的方法。此外,还可通过T2W图像的组学特征预测KI-67 的状态。在临床中,我们评判乳腺癌新辅助治疗后的疗效,通常需要动态观察动态磁共振上的改变,比如病灶缩小,强化程度减低,但是我们无法从治疗前的图像中就可以预测患者的治疗效果。Nathaniel等通过对117例接受新辅助治疗的乳腺癌患者治疗前的DCE-MRI图像进行组学分析,成功预测治疗反应,试验集AUC达到0.78,而验证集AUC达到0.74。除此之外,另有研究表明DCE-MRI的组学特征可以用来预测乳腺癌患者的预后,最后的模型结合了临床特征N分期和乳腺癌的分子分型一起,可以预测乳腺癌患者的无病生存期以及2年、3年和5年生存率。

03

复旦大学附属肿瘤医院通过对134例浸润性乳腺癌患者术前磁共振的ADC图和半定量DCE (washin和washout)图进行直方图分析,通过简单的组学特征即可将三阴性乳腺癌和其他亚型区分出来,准确性达到79.1%,特异度达到83.9%。另外,我们研究了2010— 2017年共计113例行新辅助治疗的三阴性乳腺癌且有完整随访资料患者治疗前的动态磁共振图像, 其中47例(42%)患者达到病理学完全缓解(pCR),66例(58%) 未达到病理学完全患者(Non-pCR),随访至2018年8月份,最终有28例(25%)患者出现了复发和/或转移,通过对其临床、病理及影像图像进行大数据分析,对影像图像提取了1177个特征值,利用传统统计和机器学习的方法进行降维,最终获得最佳模型,其预测pCR的准确度可达到84.1%, 敏感度77%,特异度89%,AUC为0.87;而预测复发转移的准确度达88.5%,敏感度为71%,特异度为94%,AUC为0.87。

04

影像组学的未来任重而道远,每个组学研究在图像处理、特征提取及统计分析中均存在差异,如何统一质量标准也是未来的难点。首先一个高精度的预测模型必须要庞大的数据库支持,所以更需要一个多中心、标准化的数据库;其次自动分割的精确度无法保证, 而人工分割又耗时耗力,处理流程上需要进一步优化。

05

初步的研究显示影像组学通过无创的方式可以了解肿瘤内部及其周围的微环境情况,剖析肿瘤的时空异质性,具有巨大的潜力,未来或可在癌症患者中发挥虚拟活检的作用,并辅助临床预测治疗疗效及预后。

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    2020-12-16 yukii111

    学习了

    0

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    2019-02-08 1e17cca5m43(暂无匿称)

    相关参考文献有吗

    0

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    2018-12-26 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2018-12-26 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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    2018-12-26 lietome2

    认真学习,不断进步,把经验分享给同好。点赞了!

    0

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