病例:胰岛素+二甲双胍+阿卡波糖血糖控制不佳,还有何选择?

2017-12-13 佚名 中国医学论坛报

《成人2型糖尿病基础胰岛素临床应用中国专家指导建议》中指出,预混胰岛素治疗(<50 U/d)血糖控制不佳、或频繁发作低血糖时,用药调整为二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂联合基础胰岛素,可显著改善空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),且不增加低血糖发生风险。


《成人2型糖尿病基础胰岛素临床应用中国专家指导建议》中指出,预混胰岛素治疗(<50 U/d)血糖控制不佳、或频繁发作低血糖时,用药调整为二肽基肽酶-4(DPP-4)抑制剂联合基础胰岛素,可显著改善空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c),且不增加低血糖发生风险。

病例提供者:辽宁中医药大学附属医院  周婵媛

病史资料

1、患者,男性,58岁。主诉:口渴多饮15年,加重1周。

2、现病史:患者于15年前,无明显诱因下出现口渴多饮症状,日饮水量3000 ml,尿量和饮水量相当,当地检查空腹血糖高(具体数值不详),确诊为2型糖尿病,外购降糖药(具体药物及剂量不详)口服,未系统监测血糖。

3年前,患者出现四肢末端麻木疼痛症状,我院确诊为“糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅲ期,糖尿病并颈动脉硬化症,糖尿病周围神经病变”。

目前用药:诺和锐30(早20 u,晚10 u,ih),二甲双胍(500 mg,tid,po),阿卡波糖(100 mg,tid,po)。

近1周,患者自觉上症加重,自测空腹血糖9 mmol/L左右,餐后血糖14 mmol/L左右。

3、既往史:否认高血压和冠心病史。

体格检查

T:36.3℃,脉搏:84次/分,呼吸:20次/分,BP:122/73 mmHg。WC:99 cm,BMI:27.16 kg/㎡。双肺呼吸音清,心脏各瓣膜听诊区未闻及病理性杂音,全腹无压痛,右腿部疼痛。舌质暗红,苔白少津,脉沉细。

辅助检查

随机血糖:14.9 mmol/L,HbA1C:9.6%。C肽:1.32-1.17-1.37-1.47-1.44 ng/ml。
尿白蛋白/尿肌酐:11.71 mg/g,尿微量白蛋白:19.50 mg/L,随机尿肌酐:1.665 g/L。
尿常规、肝肾功能、血脂未见异常。

心电图:窦性心律,非特异性T波异常,异常心电图。
下肢多普勒:左右足振动觉,压力觉,痛觉,温度觉正常,右下肢踝肱指数(ABI)=0.92,左下肢ABI=1.08,右下肢动脉血管可疑狭窄,左下肢动脉血管无狭窄。骨密度:正常。


2型糖尿病,糖尿病视网膜病变Ⅲ期,糖尿病并颈动脉硬化症,糖尿病周围神经病变。

病例小结

1、患者,中老年男性,有2型糖尿病史15年。
2、患者不良生活习惯,药物依从性差,自行停药,换药。
3、患者血糖高,HbA1C:9.6%,已经出现并发症。
4、入院后,使用胰岛素泵强化控制血糖,密切监测血糖,根据监测结果调整降糖方案,继续改善微循环等治疗方案。

降糖方案调整

1、生活方式干预:饮食控制及运动。
2、起始降糖方案:胰岛素泵,17.1 u持续24小时皮下注射,餐前胰岛素,早4 u-午4 u-晚4 u。
3、维持降糖方案:4天后停用餐前大剂量,换用西格列汀100 mg,qd,联合甘精胰岛素11 u,睡前ih。

疗效

血糖监测结果



用药小结

针对2型糖尿病的患者,西格列汀可以改善胰岛功能,降低体重,并且与胰岛素联用可减少胰岛素用量,显著降低HbA1C。

西格列汀无体重增加、低血糖及消化道副反应,1天1次应用,患者依从性高。

专家点评

施剑  主任医师  辽宁中医药大学附属医院

医学博士,教授。现任辽宁省中西医结合内分泌委员会常务委员,辽宁省中医内分泌委员会常务委员,中国中医药研究促进会糖尿病专业委员会常委,中国民族医药学会内分泌分会常务委员。

该病例是名超重的糖尿病患者,病史较长,已接受胰岛素联合口服药治疗,血糖控制欠佳,胰岛功能尚有但较差。

针对这类患者,治疗的重点在于积极控制并发症,选用利于控制体重的降糖方案。

该患者应尽量减少胰岛素用量,在胰岛素泵强化后采用西格列汀联合长效胰岛素后,出现了令人兴奋的结果。不仅血糖控制达标,而且胰岛素的剂量明显减少,也减少了增加体重的风险。

DPP-4抑制剂是诸多国内外指南推荐的2型糖尿病一线用药之一,特别是西格列汀在降糖效能、心血管安全性等方面超越其他DPP-4抑制剂。它一日一次应用,依从性好,药效比也很高。是内分泌科医生首选的降糖药之一。

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    2018-11-24 baoya
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    2017-12-13 惠映实验室

    学习了.谢谢.

    0

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