Cardiovasc Diabetol:低总骨钙素水平与2型糖尿病患者的全因死亡率和心血管死亡率相关

2022-06-21 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

骨钙素与不良心血管事件有关

背景:在过去的几十年里,人们一直在讨论骨转换和代谢性疾病之间的相互作用。骨骼被认为是一个完全参与能量和新陈代谢的内分泌器官。骨钙素是一种骨源性激素,主要由成骨细胞分泌。它可以调节乙二醇脂代谢,调节骨代谢和心血管疾病之间的相互作用。我们在骨钙素和代谢性疾病方面进行了一系列研究。在人群研究中,我们以前的发现表明,骨钙素与血糖水平、血脂谱以及身体脂肪分布之间存在密切关系。我们还发现,骨钙素与2型糖尿病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病和代谢综合征的发病率有很好的相关性。多种代谢紊乱最终会导致心血管表型的聚集,这种因果关系将不可避免地继续下去。我们一系列研究的长期随访表明,骨钙素与不良心血管事件有关,包括心力衰竭、非致命性心肌梗死、重复冠状动脉血运重建、不稳定心绞痛住院和非致命性中风。对于基础科学,我们先前的研究表明,骨钙素通过介导PI3K/Akt/eNOS信号通路在动脉粥样硬化中具有内皮保护作用。因此,无论是基于人群还是基础研究,将骨钙素与新陈代谢联系起来的证据都是令人信服的。然而,骨钙素和硬终点事件(即死亡率)之间的联系很少被研究,结论不一致,特别是在2型糖尿病患者中。此外,我们团队的人群研究结果大多基于横断面研究,在这些研究中使用了骨钙素的单一测量。基于长期纵向数据对骨钙素的变化和轨迹的研究较少。

目的:来自选定人群队列的证据在某种程度上受到样本量和终点事件发生率低的限制。为了填补这些空白,来自高质量电子健康记录的纵向真实世界数据更适合于人口假说。上海市第六人民医院下属的上海市糖尿病临床中心成立于2002年,自2000年以来电子健康档案得到了广泛的应用。在过去的20年里,超过10万名糖尿病患者在上海糖尿病临床中心接受了医疗服务,并在定期随访期间进行了登记。因此,在这项基于EHR的研究中,我们旨在调查骨钙素与2型糖尿病患者全因和心血管疾病(CVD)死亡风险之间的关系。

方法:我们对9413例2型糖尿病患者进行了一项回顾性队列研究,这些患者在首次被诊断为2型糖尿病后的3年内至少进行了三次血清总骨钙素测定。骨钙素水平的基线、平均值及其轨迹被用作暴露。多变量调整的Cox比例风险模型被用来估计骨钙素水平及其轨迹与死亡率的关系。

结果:平均随访5.37年,1638例患者死亡,其中588例死于心血管事件。基础骨钙素水平五分位数的多变量调整风险比(HR)全因死亡率分别为2.88(95%可信区间2.42-3.42)、1.65(95%可信区间1.37-1.99)、1.17(95%可信区间0.96-1.42)、1.00和1.92(95%可信区间1.60-2.30),以及3.52(95%可信区间2.63-4.71)、2.00(95%可信区间1.46-2.73),CVD死亡率分别为1.03(95%可信区间0.72~1.47)、1.00、1.67(95%可信区间1.21~2.31)。当我们用骨钙素的平均值作为暴露时,也发现了U型关联。这些U型关联在不同基线特征的患者中是一致的。骨钙素轨迹稳定甚至增加的患者全因死亡和心血管疾病死亡的风险可能较低。

表1不同骨钙素水平的2型糖尿病患者在基线和随访期间的死亡率风险比

图1全死因和心血管疾病死亡率的限制三次样条曲线。模型建立前,血清骨钙素水平采用对数变换。当应用基线骨钙素水平时,A和B显示了所有原因和心血管疾病死亡率的多变量调整风险比。C和D显示当使用平均骨钙素水平时,所有原因和心血管疾病死亡率的多变量调整后的风险比。调整后的变量包括年龄、性别、体重指数、收缩压、HbA1c、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、估计的GFR、25(OH)D、吸烟、降压药的使用、降糖药的使用、降血脂药物的使用以及抗血小板或抗凝血药的使用

结论:在2型糖尿病患者中,基线骨钙素与死亡率呈U型相关。随访期间血清骨钙素水平较低的患者全因死亡和心血管死亡的风险较高。

原文出处:Shen Y,  Chen L,  Zhou J, et al.Low total osteocalcin levels are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study.Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022 Jun 09;21(1)

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    2022-10-19 docwu2019
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    2023-05-11 quxin068
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