N Engl J Med :张锋首次发表NEJM论文,发布升级版SHERLOCK系统,加速新冠检测

2020-09-18 生物世界 Bio生物世界

2020年2月14日,CRISPR基因编辑大神张锋教授团队发布了使用基于CRISPR/Cas13的SHERLOCK技术检测新型冠状病毒的详细操作流程文档。

2020年2月14日,CRISPR基因编辑大神张锋教授团队发布了使用基于CRISPR/Cas13的SHERLOCK技术检测新型冠状病毒的详细操作流程文档。

文档中的测试表明,SHERLOCK技术检测新冠病毒异常灵敏,每微升里仅10-100个病毒拷贝,都可以被检测出来。而且,该方法操作简单,仅需纯化的核酸分子样本,通过简单的三步,1个小时内即可完成检测。

2020年3月30日,深圳市第三人民医院(南方科技大学第二附属医院)的张政教授带领团队在医学预印本平台 medRxiv 发表了题为:Clinical characteristics of the recovered COVID-19 patients with re-detectable positive RNA test 的论文。该论文之后在 Annal of Translational Medicine 杂志发表。

该研究首次报道了复阳病人的临床特征,研究团队使用高灵敏度的SHERLOCK技术进行了新冠检测,证明了商用核酸检测的假阴性问题可能是导致复阳现象的潜在原因。这也是SHERLOCK技术首次实战用于新冠检测,效果亮眼。

2020年9月17日,张锋团队在新英格兰医学期刊(NEJM)发表题为:Detection of SARS-CoV-2 with SHERLOCK One-Pot Testing 的文章,张锋团队公布了升级版基于SHERLOCK技术的新冠病毒检测流程——STOPCovid.V2。

升级版的STOPCovid.V2在原有基础上更进一步,在样本制备的过程中通过加入磁珠富集样本中的RNA,从而通过提高PCR反应的起始RNA数量,进一步提高了STOPCovid.V2的检测灵敏度。此外,2.0版还精简了磁珠富集RNA的操作步骤,去除了乙醇清洗和洗脱过程,让整个RNA富集过程不超过15分钟。

最后,研究团队进行了一项双盲检测,对202个新冠病毒阳性和200个新冠病毒阴性鼻咽拭子样本的检测结果表明,STOPCovid.V2能够达到93.1%的灵敏度和98.5%的特异性。且阳性样本只需15-45分钟就能获得结果。

关于SHERLOCK技术

CRISPR/Cas系统是细菌和古菌特有的免疫系统,是生命进化历史上,细菌和病毒进行斗争产生的免疫武器,用于抵抗病毒或外源性质粒的侵害。当外源基因入侵时,该防御系统的 CRISPR 序列会表达与入侵基因组序列相识别的 RNA,然后 CRISPR 相关蛋白(Cas,一种核酸内切酶)在序列识别处切割外源基因组DNA,从而达到防御目的。

CRISPR技术是在20世纪90年代初发现的,2013年2月15日,张锋等人将CRISPR/Cas9系统成功应用于哺乳动物和人类细胞的基因编辑,此后迅速成为人类生物学、农业和微生物学等领域最流行的基因编辑工具。

根据效应核酸酶组成的亚基数量,CRISPR/Cas系统可以分为两类:第一类系统的核酸酶由多个亚基组成;第二类系统特别受关注,其核酸酶由单一的蛋白组成,包括基于Cas9、Cas12和Cas13效应蛋白的II、V和VI型。其中,与大多数Cas蛋白不同,Ⅵ型系统的核酸酶Cas13是一种依赖于RNA靶向的RNA核酸酶,专一的切割RNA,不切割DNA,在分子诊断方面具有重要的应用价值。

世界上许多最常见或致命的人类病原体都是RNA病毒(例如埃博拉病毒,寨卡病毒,艾滋病病毒,流感病毒等),新型冠状病毒,同样是RNA病毒。

2017年4月,张锋在 Science 杂志发表论文,发明了基于CRISPR/Cas13的病毒检测技术。

张锋将这种检测技术命名为——SHERLOCK,这一与神探夏洛克·福尔摩斯同名的检测技术,可以让被切割的RNA形成条带,形成视觉可见的线索,并直观展示出来。

SHERLOCK(specifichigh-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking)

相比于传统的real-time PCR检测,SHERLOCK检测技术准确度更高,而且价格和检测所需时间也大大减少。

2019年10月10日,Pardis Sabeti、张锋等人在Cell 子刊 Molecular Cell 杂志发表了题为:Programmable Inhibition and Detection of RNA Viruses Using Cas13 的研究论文。

Parson Sabeti、张锋等将Cas13的抗病毒活性与其诊断能力结合起来,建立了一个强大和快速可编程的诊断和抗病毒系统,命名为CARVER (Cas13辅助的病毒表达和读出限制),以检测和消灭人类细胞中基于RNA的病毒。该系统将来可能用于诊断和治疗病毒感染(包括由新病毒和新兴病毒引起的感染)。

注:CARVER,Cas13-assisted restriction of viral expression and readout,同时,CARVER也有雕刻师的意思。

这些研究表明,基于CRISPR/Cas13的基因编辑工具,不仅能用于病毒的快速检测诊断,还能用于清除病毒,治疗病毒引起的疾病。

原始出处:

Julia Joung 1, Alim Ladha 1, Makoto Saito 2, et al.Detection of SARS-CoV-2 with SHERLOCK One-Pot Testing.N Engl J Med. 2020 Sep 16. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc2026172.

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    2021-06-05 haouestc
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    2021-07-09 spoonycyy
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    2020-09-21 longerhans

    名字起的很好

    0

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1785553, encodeId=f1de1e8555355, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=34b86e91f9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Engl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6791, encryptionId=34b86e91f9, topicName=Engl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7eeb2500172, createdName=haouestc, createdTime=Sat Jun 05 12:08:43 CST 2021, time=2021-06-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2081595, encodeId=6a15208159521, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=57406e8506' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Eng#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6785, encryptionId=57406e8506, topicName=Eng)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3516494, createdName=spoonycyy, createdTime=Fri Jul 09 17:08:43 CST 2021, time=2021-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=887092, encodeId=04ef88e0923b, content=名字起的很好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200922/fc683f168f114d4bb372152732c98f20/e2418a0479a34ddf96fee5c4c9169329.jpg, createdBy=5bab5420121, createdName=longerhans, createdTime=Mon Sep 21 14:09:55 CST 2020, time=2020-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1610709, encodeId=b66f1610e0989, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Sun Sep 20 13:08:43 CST 2020, time=2020-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1028570, encodeId=90bd10285e0fe, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 01:08:43 CST 2020, time=2020-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1035420, encodeId=0a1d1035420a9, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Sat Sep 19 01:08:43 CST 2020, time=2020-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-09-19 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2020-09-19 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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