湖南省儿童医院公布九大征兆 辅助早期识别儿童肿瘤

2017-04-14 徐志雄 中国新闻网

不明原因的发烧;不明原因的疼痛;不明原因的出血……4月14日,全国肿瘤防治宣传周前夕,湖南省儿童医院根据近5年来收治肿瘤患儿的大数据,总结并公布了儿童肿瘤发病早期的“九大征兆”。

不明原因的发烧;不明原因的疼痛;不明原因的出血……4月14日,全国肿瘤防治宣传周前夕,湖南省儿童医院根据近5年来收治肿瘤患儿的大数据,总结并公布了儿童肿瘤发病早期的“九大征兆”。

湖南省儿童医院是亚洲规模最大的儿童医院之一。根据其2012年至2016年肿瘤住院患儿数据统计,5年间共收治肿瘤患儿14546人次,其中男孩7824人次。从年龄分布来看,1岁以下婴儿4123人次,1岁至3岁幼儿3115人次,4岁至6岁学龄前期4040人次,7岁及以上学龄儿童3268人次,且肿瘤住院患儿的人数呈逐年增加的趋势。

在收治的14546人次中,患有恶性肿瘤的患儿有8010人次,男孩占62.31%%,白血病居儿童恶性肿瘤之首;良性肿瘤患儿6536人次,男孩占43.36%%,血管瘤排患病儿童数第一。

“虽然癌症犹如洪水猛兽吞噬着儿童的健康,但是发病前的征兆却是有迹可寻的。”湖南省儿童医院血液内科主任郑敏翠提醒,幼儿在肿瘤发病之前,通常都会出现以下9种不明原因的症状。

不明原因的发烧:发烧是儿童疾病的常见症状,但持续两周以上不明原因的发烧,尤其是不规则的低热,用抗生素治疗无效的,应注意肿瘤的可能。

不明原因的疼痛:关节酸痛、骨痛、腹痛、头痛等有时也是肿瘤的信号,不要随便吃止痛药,要到正规医院检查。

不明原因的出血:面色苍白,皮肤易出现出血点或紫斑,经常流鼻血或牙龈出血,应注意白血病。

不明原因的血象异常:血常规检查提示白细胞过高或过低,或伴有红细胞、血红蛋白及血小板减少等情况,应找专科医生咨询。

内分泌紊乱的症状:孩子出现生长停滞或消瘦、不对称肥胖或性早熟等,也需要考虑肿瘤的可能。

不明原因的肿块:在孩子熟睡,给孩子洗澡、换衣服时,摸摸肚子、两侧颈部、两侧腋窝有没有肿块,儿童肿瘤90%是以包块的形式出现。

眼部变化:孩子眼球有异常反射光似猫眼,或视力有障碍、斜视或眼球向外突出等,应眼科检查排除眼部肿瘤可能,白血病、朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症等也可能以突眼为首发表现。

神经症状:呕吐、走路不稳、头痛、颜面神经麻痹等,应注意是否为脑瘤的症状?。

无痛性淋巴结肿大:儿童淋巴结肿大很常见,多与感染有关。急性淋巴结肿大常伴有疼痛,感染控制后就会缩小,如果淋巴结肿大越来越严重且无压痛感,摸上去较硬或者活动度不好,应检查排除淋巴瘤

“肿瘤的发生常与遗传、胚胎发育、环境密切相关,儿童在各年龄段、全身各系统都可能罹患肿瘤。”湖南省儿童医院业务副院长、耳鼻咽喉科教授赵斯君表示,儿童肿瘤有生长快、病情进展迅速的特点,而孩子大多对不适的感知及表述能力有限,因此预防肿瘤的发生、早期发现和及时治疗非常重要。

赵斯君表示,不论是成人还是儿童肿瘤,都与不良生活习惯有很大关系。喜食高脂肪、高热量、低纤维素的饮食习惯和缺乏运动是导致一些肿瘤发病及发病年轻化的主要原因。而肺癌胃癌及肝癌发病居高不下,与环境污染加重、吸烟人数增加和进食霉变食物等因素密切。

赵斯君认为,预防肿瘤要从改善生活方式入手,良好的生活习惯、合理的膳食结构和健康的心理素质是预防的关键。“孕前做好充分准备,孕期呵护要到位,良性病变及早治,远离污染保健康。做好以上四点,可降低儿童肿瘤发生概率。”

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    2017-04-15 dhzzm

    学习了分享了

    0

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    2017-04-15 ideal肿瘤医

    学习了,比较少接触儿童肿瘤

    0

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4月4日Pediatric Blood & Cancer网页版优先发布了一项研究成果。研究人员在临床试验中评估减少放疗的有效性,结果发现,当改变治疗方案后,幼儿的情况更糟。

JCO:接受放疗的儿童肿瘤长期幸存者或存在血管内皮损伤

研究要点: 1.本研究针对儿童肿瘤长期幸存者及同胞对照,就血管损伤情况,血管损伤参数与肿瘤治疗间的关系,以及心血管风险因素的影响等进行了评价; 2.研究对颈动脉与股动脉IMT、血流介导的内皮依赖性血管舒张功能、内皮与炎症标志物蛋白及心血管风险因素等进行了考察; 3.接受可能引起心血管毒性的抗肿瘤方案治疗后,同时接受RT治疗的CCS存在内皮损伤迹象;局部RT

Cancer Cell:科学家鉴别出引发儿童癌症的特殊基因

近日,刊登在国际杂志Cancer Cell上的一项研究报告中,来自西南医学中心儿童医疗研究所的研究人员通过利用小鼠模型进行研究鉴别出了一种可以引起儿童(幼鼠)癌症发生的基因,研究者表示,如果研究证实其同样适用于人类,那么这或可有效帮助科学家们开发治疗儿童肿瘤的新型靶向疗法。 文章中,研究人员Hao Zhu博士表示,我们发现一种名为Lin28b的基因在一系列的癌症儿童机体中表达,这些儿童癌症包

Nature Genetics :全球大规模癌症基因组数据公布

       为了促进癌症等疾病的研究,圣犹大儿童医院-华盛顿大学儿童癌症基因组计划公布了迄今为止最大的人类癌症基因组全面数据,这些数据将免费提供给全球的科学团队。所公布的信息数量是目前能从所有人类基因组资源中获取的高覆盖,全基因组数据的两倍之多,这些信息不仅能帮助癌症研究人员,而且对于其它疾病的研究人员来说,也十分有价值。其中一部分数据目前公布在5月29日