Cardiovasc Diabetol:miR-21/ROS/HNE水平降低与习惯干预后的低血糖有关

2022-03-18 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

血糖异常或糖尿病前期与心血管风险相关,即心血管死亡率。

背景:血糖异常或糖尿病前期与心血管风险相关,即心血管死亡率。血糖异常属于血糖异常的一种,在临床表现出现前几年就会悄悄出现;它包括孤立性空腹血糖受损(IFG)和/或孤立性糖耐量受损(IGT),使人们暴露于发展为2型糖尿病(T2D)的风险。使用75g葡萄糖负荷试验检测葡萄糖耐量,其中IGT定义为2小时血糖(2hPG)140-199 mg/dL(7.7-11.1 mmol/L),或空腹血糖(IFG)100-125 mg/dL,或HbA1c为5.7-6.4%(39-46 mmol/mol)。最近,1hPG的测量正在出现,以定义糖尿病前期和糖尿病状态,尽管关于糖尿病前期诊断定义的共识仍有争议。

    糖尿病前期被认为是生活方式干预的目标,因为它具有多因素和异质性的特点,其特点是无症状的过渡性高血糖状态。因此,糖尿病前期与T2D胰岛素抵抗(IR)、超重和肥胖有关,这些都是其他心脏代谢危险因素的可改变的危险因素,如高血压--更容易发生心血管疾病。在这种情况下,预防计划的重点是改变生活方式,以降低T2D的发生率,降低风险,延迟T2D的发生及其负担:糖尿病预防计划(DPP)建议养成健康的习惯(饮食和体育活动),避免吸烟、酒精和压力,以此作为降低T2D风险的提示。强化的生活方式干预能够在3年内将T2D的发病率降低58%。

    在过去的十年中,替代的预防策略侧重于遗传方法,通过对SPN的调查,在评估发生T2D的风险时确定基因座的易感性。然而,在癌症中,不健康的饮食和遗传易感性之间建立了严格的交互作用,但关于常见基因变异、西方饮食和生活方式危险因素之间的交互作用对患T2D的风险的影响尚无定论。另一方面,环境刺激、营养因素、炎症、缺氧、动脉压、性别、年龄和生活方式可以迫使表观遗传因素改变,解释了与复杂和多因素疾病相关的异质性表型,如血糖异常。已经知道,表观遗传过程的失调在T2D和血管并发症的发病机制中具有重要的后果。属于表观遗传学簇的microRNAs(miRNAs或miRs)可能有助于确定血糖异常的主要机制,并为精确的预防策略提供新的工具。MiRNAs被称为长度为25个核苷酸的高度保守的非编码RNA,是涉及控制基因表达的重要生物调节形式,可能在不改变DNA序列的情况下具有可逆性,因为这是一个发生在转录后水平上的过程。由于与细胞外小泡(EV)或载体蛋白相关,miRNAs可被影响其功能的受体细胞摄取,并在循环中具有高度的稳定性,使它们成为T2D、胰岛素代谢、葡萄糖稳态和糖尿病并发症的生物标志物。目前的证据表明,MIR可以预测从糖尿病前期到糖尿病状态的进展。许多研究报道,葡萄糖作为一种营养物质,能够影响细胞氧化环境[23]和miRs的表达。事实上,一种特定的饮食可能会改变动物体内几种内源性MIR的反应性。

   我们以前的工作证明了在糖尿病前期和T2D受试者中,葡萄糖敏感的miR-21能够预测ROS(活性氧物种)介导的损伤,这表明miR-21作为一种新的方法来监测血糖及其相关损伤。在这项研究中,我们试图评估习惯干预(HI,主要由地中海饮食组成)一年后(在基线表现为血糖异常和ROS诱导的损害的高危受试者中)是否会通过习惯干预(HI,主要由地中海饮食组成)下调miR-21损伤轴的表达,并以良好的近似描述了一种监测血糖诱导损害的新机制。

方法:根据Findrisc评分对1506名研究对象进行筛查。其中5 31例FINDRISC≥9的受试者被选为血糖异常(ADA标准),并检测循环中的MIR-21、ROS和HNE水平作为损伤轴。对207例糖耐量异常患者进行为期1年的习惯干预(HI)后的再评估。重复测量测试用于评估从基线到1年随访期间的变化。用线性回归和Logistic回归模型分析血糖参数与miR-21/ROS/HNE的关系。

结果:HI后,血糖异常患者的miR-21/ROS/HNE轴显著降低,代谢参数如胰岛素抵抗、体重指数、微量白蛋白尿、反应性高血症指数和皮肤荧光均有改善。HI后miR-21轴与血糖参数呈显著正交互作用。HI后miR-21水平降低,与血糖损伤轴的降低密切相关,尤其是在2hPG<200 mg/dL的受试者中。

图1习惯性干预1年后血浆中miR-21的表达。习惯干预后1年和基线的miR-21表达的散点图,其中miR-21在纵向队列中使用比较CT方法归一化为cel-miR-39的表达(基线时,N=531;HI一年时,n=207;配对miR21,n=116)。配对数据的Wilcoxon带符号等级检验,p<0.0001。B散点图显示习惯干预后(ROS配对n=48),血清ROS胞外释放量(EPR仪测得)明显减少。配对t检验,p=0.03。HNE血药浓度(μg/mL)的C散点图。配对数据的Wilcoxon带符号等级检验,p<0.0001。*p<0.0001;*p<0.05。

表1低-miR-21受试者的特征

表2  NR组特征

图2检测miR-21响应者(R)的血糖参数模型的ROC曲线。对于每个血糖参数,应用Logistic模型来评估与RROC曲线的相关性。黄线表示HbA1c模型的ROC曲线,品红线表示FPG模型的ROC曲线,绿线表示1hPG模型的ROC曲线,蓝线表示2hPG模型的ROC曲线。用Logistic回归模型评估较低的miR-21水平(1年)和血糖参数(基线)之间的关系,以预测饮食的有效性和亲属较低的血糖水平。用Youden指数计算预测miR-21降低的血糖参数的最佳界值。同时还评估了敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值以及阳性和阴性似然比等诊断价值。

结论:HI影响了与miR-21轴相关的表观遗传学改变,并证实了血糖异常可逆性的概念。这些数据支持了监测血糖的新生物学方法的有效性,并为预防方案提供了一种筛查工具。

原文出处: La Sala L,  Tagliabue E,  Mrakic-Sposta S,et al.Lower miR-21/ROS/HNE levels associate with lower glycemia after habit-intervention: DIAPASON study 1-year later.Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022 Mar 04;21(1)

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    2022-08-05 smallant2002
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    2022-08-29 quxin068
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    2022-03-20 lsndxfj

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