Cancer Discov :癌细胞想从淋巴转移?科学家:抱歉,此路不通

2020-10-29 探索菌 生物探索

像健康组织一样,肿瘤也有两种不同的血管系统。除了提供氧气和营养的血管外,还有负责运输免疫系统细胞和组织液的淋巴管,体内的癌细胞正是通过这两种途径扩散并形成子代肿瘤(所谓的转移瘤)。

像健康组织一样,肿瘤也有两种不同的血管系统。除了提供氧气和营养的血管外,还有负责运输免疫系统细胞和组织液的淋巴管,体内的癌细胞正是通过这两种途径扩散并形成子代肿瘤(所谓的转移瘤)。

最近的临床前和临床研究突出了淋巴转移途径的存在。然而,由于缺乏合适的临床前建模工具,淋巴系统对转移的影响程度仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。

为了解决这个问题,并探索限制淋巴转移途径的方法,海德堡大学和德国癌症研究中心的科学家对小鼠肿瘤内的淋巴系统进行了建模,并且发现,针对淋巴内皮细胞信号分子的抗体可导致肿瘤中的淋巴管死亡,抑制转移,从而延长小鼠的生存期。相关成果发表于《Cancer Discover》上。

具体而言,研究人员首先建立了一种模拟小鼠淋巴转移的方法,这是一个基于GEMM(基因工程小鼠模型)片段的肿瘤模型,该模型独特地维持了肿瘤内淋巴管的功能网络,该网络有助于致命性周围转移的传播。

在寻找预防转移发生的方法时,研究小组集中研究了淋巴内皮细胞。内皮细胞控制着血管和淋巴管的许多重要特性,并产生许多信号分子和生长因子。研究人员发现,血管生成素2确保了肿瘤中淋巴内皮细胞的存活,而阻断血管生成素2的抗体会导致肿瘤中的淋巴管选择性死亡。淋巴管的死亡阻断了癌细胞转移的运输途径,阻止了它们扩散到附近的淋巴中。这样一来,在远处器官中形成的子代肿瘤便少了,小鼠存活的时间明显更长。

肿瘤横截面中的血管(绿色)和淋巴管(橙色)的组织学图像。右:用血管生成素2阻断抗体治疗可导致肿瘤淋巴管死亡,并阻止肿瘤细胞通过淋巴管系统扩散。[H. Augustin /德国癌症研究中心]

恶性肿瘤细胞通常在癌症手术后仍然留在体内,并且可能是疾病复发的起点。研究人员Augustin说:“令人惊讶的是,即使我们在肿瘤手术开始前不久就阻断了血管生成素-2,我们仍然能够有效地阻止小鼠的肿瘤扩散。”

但是,研究人员强调,目前只能证明血管生成素2阻断剂在实验动物的这种治疗窗口内具有治疗作用,这种方法是否还有助于人类对抗肿瘤的扩散,必须进一步研究加以阐明。

原始出处:

Nicolas Gengenbacher, Mahak Singhal, Carolin Mogler, et al.Timed Ang2-targeted therapy identifies the Angiopoietin-Tie pathway as key regulator of fatal lymphogenous metastasis.Cancer Discov. 2020 Oct 26;CD-20-0122. doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-20-0122.

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    2021-08-14 zhaojie88
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    2020-10-31 yxch36
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    2020-10-31 yankaienglish

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