JNNP:致死性家族性失眠症临床特征

2021-10-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

致死性家族性失眠症是一种遗传性疾病,病因为朊蛋白基因(PRNP基因)C178和C129突变。临床失眠症状突出。目前无有效治疗。其特征是器质性睡眠相关症状、快速进展性痴呆(RPD)和交感症状。

致死性家族性失眠症是一种遗传性疾病,病因为朊蛋白基因(PRNP基因)C178和C129突变。临床失眠症状突出。目前无有效治疗。其特征是器质性睡眠相关症状、快速进展性痴呆(RPD)和交感症状。它具有与朊病毒蛋白(PRNP)基因点突变(D178N)相关的常染色体显性模式。FFI具有高度的临床异质性,这导致早期识别的一些模糊性。进一步将FFI症状和体征分为三组(睡眠相关、神经精神和进行性交感神经),以促进FFI识别。然而,核心临床特征尚未确定。

全世界报告了数百例FFI患者,主要分布在欧洲和亚洲,尤其是近年来中国报告的FFI患者数量不断增加。据报道,不同地区的表型相似,但正如在病例系列中观察到的,与西班牙病例系列相比,FFI的表型可能在三组症状中有不同的分布。有人推测,中国之间甚至亚洲之间可能存在区域性表型差异。此外,不同地区的表型变异可能与遗传背景有关。在这项研究中,本文进行了一项基于证据的定量临床调查,以解释基于大量FFI患者队列的核心临床和遗传特征、区域和基因型差异。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

2012年至2021年,在宣武医院神经内科,11名连续患者通过制定的FFI诊断标准进行鉴定,并通过基因分析(PRNP:D178N)进行确认。从1986年到2020年9月,在没有语言限制的情况下,对PubMed、Embase、万方、Sinomed和中国国家知识基础设施数据库进行了系统的文献回顾。使用的搜索词是“失眠症,致命家族性”或“家族性失眠症”或“致命失眠症”或((家族性失眠症或致命性失眠症)和(朊病毒或PRNP或羊瘙痒朊病毒蛋白或PrPSc或PrPc或PrP基因))。研究中包括了通过遗传结果(PRNP:D178N)确诊并有足够数据的患者,并确定了120名患者。 

亚洲(n=66)和非亚洲(n=74)FFI患者的全球区域分布。

为了提取详细信息(人口统计数据以及FFI的临床症状、辅助检查和遗传结果),根据专家对FFI临床诊断标准的共识,编制了一份“调查表”。 该调查表包含以下信息:性别;发病年龄;病程;明确的家族史;三组临床症状(睡眠相关、神经精神、进行性交感神经);七项辅助检查(遗传分析、脑MRI、脑电图(EEG)、多导睡眠图(PSG)、正电子发射断层扫描(PET)、单光子发射CT(SPECT)和脑脊液(CSF)中14-3-3蛋白检测)的结果。文章选择和数据提取由两位作者独立进行(JZ和MC)成对工作。通过重新检查源文章并与第三作者(LYW)进一步讨论以达成共识,解决了研究选择、数据提取和质量评估期间的差异。

Kaplan-Meier曲线显示生存概率的差异。

总共确定了131例。发病年龄47.51±12.53(范围17-76)岁,死亡106例,病程13.20±9.04(范围2-48)个月。失眠(87.0%)和快速进展性痴呆(RPD;83.2%)发生频率最高。高血压(33.6%)被认为是自主神经功能障碍的客观指标。129突变处的基因型频率为Met/Met(84.7%)和Met/Val(15.3%),等位基因频率为Met(92.4%)和Val(7.6%)。亚洲人和非亚洲人的比较显示,临床症状和遗传背景存在一些差异(p<0.05)。在129个多态性的比较中,发现129个多态性患者的病程更长 。在考虑生存概率后,基因型之间的生存时间仍然存在显著差异(p<0.0001)。

FFI的核心临床特征是A组的失眠和B组的RPD:它们可以作为未来标准中的代表性诊断项目,以便于及时识别FFI。主要与病理学相关的主要症状通常局限于丘脑,FFI持续时间较长的病例也涉及皮质。a组失眠难以治愈,对镇静剂有抵抗力,快速眼动睡眠时间缩短,有时伴有不自主运动和喉鸣音;此外,睡眠质量差可能导致白天过度失眠。B组痴呆与涉及不同认知领域的丘脑功能障碍有关,并经常伴有幻觉。丘脑核的神经元丢失和胶质增生是FFI的主要组织病理学特征,但丘脑损伤之前只能在尸检中确认。SPECT和PET是有希望的活体检查,可用于检测丘脑的代谢或灌注异常,这可能有助于在基因检测前进行FFI诊断。

总之,失眠、RPD和高血压是FFI的典型关键临床表现。朊蛋白基因129-Met被认为是非亚洲人群FFI的危险因素。

 
 
 

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    2021-11-22 12346c4dm64暂无昵称

    失眠,真的是一个难题

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    2021-10-23 日月
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    2021-10-23 wetgdt

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