NeuroImage:麻醉意识丧失和意识恢复的神经机制

2021-04-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

麻醉的诱导和恢复阶段遵循非对称神经动力学。皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质神经相互作用可能是重新启动意识的一种机制。

在人类和灵长类动物中进行的无创神经成像研究表明,麻醉诱导的无意识与神经活动和大规模脑网络功能连接的广泛破坏有关。皮质和皮质下神经元相互作用的中断可能会通过阻止自底向上和自顶向下的数据流的整合而导致意识丧失,这一命题也得到了细胞层面的力学研究的支持。虽然麻醉药物对意识的影响是可逆的,但调节诱导和恢复的神经机制可能不同。可以通过系统比较麻醉缓慢诱导和苏醒时的神经动力学来深入了解这些不同的机制。ZiruiHuang等通过功能磁共振成像研究了相关内容,并在NeuroImage发表文章。

该研究的目的是比较健康志愿者在使用逐渐调整目标浓度的异丙酚之前、期间和之后基于功能磁共振成像的神经活动的时间过程。他们假设,评估神经处理的时间依赖性措施将揭示不对称的神经动力学与麻醉滞后在意识状态的双向转换一致。

该研究使用了在健康志愿者中以增量调节靶浓度的异丙酚注射前、注射中和注射后获得的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)数据。分析了皮质皮层和皮质下网络的功能连接,并将fMRI信号的时间自相关作为神经处理时间尺度的指标。分析了皮层和皮层下网络的动态功能连接,以及表征神经处理速度(时间尺度)的fMRI信号的时间自相关。为了在多个空间尺度上获得一致的理解,评估了fmri在区域、特定网络和全脑水平上获得的数量。

图1实验设计和功能磁共振成像措施。(A)对健康志愿者在静脉注射异丙酚前后、注射过程中和注射后进行功能磁共振成像(fMRI)研究。调整注射速率,使靶效应部位浓度逐步增加。通过运动反应来评估行为反应,运动反应定义了参与者在反应保留(前反应)、反应丧失(后反应)、反应恢复(前反应)和反应恢复(后反应)的时间。在注射丙泊酚之前(Rest1和Base1)和之后(Base2和Rest2)分别进行2次10分钟休息状态基线和2次15分钟任务基线记录。(B)滑动窗口方法(窗口大小 = 2分钟;时间步长 = 20秒)用于分析fmri导出的量的时间过程。fMRI信号的时间尺度被估计为每个体素的时间自相关衰减,量化为自相关函数的曲线下面积(AUC)从0.8秒到12秒。体素强度中心性是通过计算给定体素信号和全局(灰质平均)信号之间的皮尔逊相关系数来定义的。网络内或网络间的功能连通性是通过计算一个给定网络(网络内)或一对网络(网络间)对应的功能连通性矩阵的三角形或矩形区域的平均值而得到的。基于预先定义的网络模板,计算每对功能区域间时间过程的皮尔逊相关系数,生成功能连通性矩阵。

图2大脑活动的诱导-涌现、迟滞和全局变化。(A)异丙酚效应部位浓度(ESC)组平均值。考虑到受试者的PreLOR、LOR、PreROR和ROR数据长度存在差异,将LOR和ROR的转换点作为两个参考时间点,以便在同一时间轴内对所有受试者的数据进行校准。滑动窗口以参考时间点为中心前后移动,每个时间方向最大数据长度为15 min。向ROR的转变发生在较低的ESC节点,而不是向LOR的转变。与相同剂量的麻醉剂相比,在LOR的行为反应恢复的延迟期用黄色阴影区域表示。(B)通过绘制反应性(跨受试者)与估计异丙酚效应部位浓度的比率来显示滞后回路。感应曲线和涌现曲线之间的区域代表着对意识状态变化的抵抗。(D)群体水平上的全球(灰质平均)自相关指数的时间过程。(F)集团一级全球实力中心性的时间过程。(C, E, G)采用双尾配对样本t检验(df=17)对状态转换点前后120秒数据窗口的LOR和ROR测量值进行统计比较。

图3在状态转换过程中大脑活动的网络变化。(A)左面板:群体水平上不同网络的自相关指数的时间历程;右面板:采用双尾配对样本t检验(df=17)对状态转换点前后120秒数据窗口的LOR和ROR测量值进行统计比较。蓝色条代表LOR与PreLOR的差异,即向LOR的过渡。红色条代表ROR与PreROR的差异,即从LOR过渡出来。(B)时间路线(左)和柱状图(右)表示不同网络在组级的强度中心性。(C)组一级网络内功能连接的时间路线(左)和柱状图(右)。(D)时间课程(左;热图)和柱状图(右)用于组级的网络间功能连接。

图4所示。大脑活动的区域分布在状态转换过程中发生变化。(A)左面板:自相关指数在预定义解剖区域的时间变化;中间面板:自动解剖标记(AAL)图谱中的大脑区域(每个半球45个区域)。一个单一的大脑区域标签对应着一对来自左(上)和右(下)半球的值;右图:蓝色条代表LOR与PreLOR的差异,即向LOR的过渡。红色条代表ROR与PreROR的差异,即从LOR过渡出来。(B)组水平不同大脑区域强度中心性的时间过程和柱状图。

图5.功能连接的时间轨迹和状态转换中的时间自相关。(A)在组水平上皮层、丘脑和苍白球的自相关指数的时间历程。(B)组水平皮质皮质、丘脑皮质和苍白球皮质功能连接的时间过程。(C)全脑功能连通性通过使用整个皮层的平均fMRI时间序列作为回归因子来计算。意识恢复时皮质下皮层功能连接的突然增强包括脑干、红色核、内侧苍白球、苍白球、内侧背核、腹后内侧核和腹外侧核。(D)皮质下皮质功能连接的轨迹(丘脑皮质和苍白球皮质功能连接的平均值)作为皮质信号的时间自相关函数绘制。

该研究的结果确实揭示了不同的神经动力学在诱导和出现,区别的抑制和恢复意识。将这种不对称的神经动力学分解为三对对比鲜明的特征,即渐变与突然,局部神经时间尺度与远端连接,以及皮层下与皮层下。具体来说,该研究发现,在失去意识的过程中,整个大脑的局部神经时间尺度逐渐增加,而远处的功能连接逐渐减少。相反,意识的恢复与皮质的突然恢复有关,而不是皮质下的,神经时间尺度和皮质下皮质功能连接的突然增强。由于这些发现不能用药代动力学因素来解释,它们支持神经惯性假说,并可能提供一种特定的神经元解释,即皮质下皮质间神经相互作用的不对称神经动力学。意识的丧失和恢复遵循不对称的神经动力学。

皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因。该研究的发现支持了神经惯性假说,并提供了一个特定的神经元解释。综上所述,麻醉的诱导和恢复阶段遵循非对称神经动力学。皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质神经相互作用可能是重新启动意识的一种机制。

原文出处:

Huang Z, Tarnal V, Vlisides PE, et al. Asymmetric neural dynamics characterize loss and recovery of consciousness [published online ahead of print, 2021 Apr 10]. Neuroimage. 2021;118042. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118042

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    2021-04-20 ZJYYY7

    皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360734, encodeId=bc151360e3472, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db8853241e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#意识丧失#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53241, encryptionId=db8853241e3, topicName=意识丧失)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7d40148, createdName=hyf028, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 15:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461565, encodeId=996f146156561, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a02e433010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经机制#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74330, encryptionId=0a02e433010, topicName=神经机制)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a016427136, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 15:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958659, encodeId=5d00958659a5, content=皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201214/b3170121d995432ea306ae3a7809cc05/2cfb236f361b4d3c80ef8fdef4301832.jpg, createdBy=8ad35400531, createdName=ZJYYY7, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:31:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958658, encodeId=ea8b958658ca, content=皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201214/b3170121d995432ea306ae3a7809cc05/2cfb236f361b4d3c80ef8fdef4301832.jpg, createdBy=8ad35400531, createdName=ZJYYY7, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:31:28 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958655, encodeId=f172958655df, content=太好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210420/5413adae02b0492494a7522bda48b38b/9dd984f0c92b4a9fa2d0707126dbb473.jpg, createdBy=69805482397, createdName=向日葵🌻, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:30:08 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039410, encodeId=723010394101d, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 03:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-20 ZJYYY7

    皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360734, encodeId=bc151360e3472, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db8853241e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#意识丧失#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53241, encryptionId=db8853241e3, topicName=意识丧失)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7d40148, createdName=hyf028, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 15:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461565, encodeId=996f146156561, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a02e433010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经机制#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74330, encryptionId=0a02e433010, topicName=神经机制)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a016427136, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 15:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958659, encodeId=5d00958659a5, content=皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201214/b3170121d995432ea306ae3a7809cc05/2cfb236f361b4d3c80ef8fdef4301832.jpg, createdBy=8ad35400531, createdName=ZJYYY7, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:31:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958658, encodeId=ea8b958658ca, content=皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201214/b3170121d995432ea306ae3a7809cc05/2cfb236f361b4d3c80ef8fdef4301832.jpg, createdBy=8ad35400531, createdName=ZJYYY7, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:31:28 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958655, encodeId=f172958655df, content=太好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210420/5413adae02b0492494a7522bda48b38b/9dd984f0c92b4a9fa2d0707126dbb473.jpg, createdBy=69805482397, createdName=向日葵🌻, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:30:08 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039410, encodeId=723010394101d, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 03:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-20 向日葵🌻

    太好

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1360734, encodeId=bc151360e3472, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=db8853241e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#意识丧失#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=53241, encryptionId=db8853241e3, topicName=意识丧失)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7d40148, createdName=hyf028, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 15:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1461565, encodeId=996f146156561, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=0a02e433010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经机制#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74330, encryptionId=0a02e433010, topicName=神经机制)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9a016427136, createdName=wetgdt, createdTime=Wed Apr 21 15:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958659, encodeId=5d00958659a5, content=皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201214/b3170121d995432ea306ae3a7809cc05/2cfb236f361b4d3c80ef8fdef4301832.jpg, createdBy=8ad35400531, createdName=ZJYYY7, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:31:53 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958658, encodeId=ea8b958658ca, content=皮质神经处理速度的快速增加和皮质下皮质功能连接的快速启动可能是麻醉后意识重新启动的原因, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=76, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20201214/b3170121d995432ea306ae3a7809cc05/2cfb236f361b4d3c80ef8fdef4301832.jpg, createdBy=8ad35400531, createdName=ZJYYY7, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:31:28 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=958655, encodeId=f172958655df, content=太好, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210420/5413adae02b0492494a7522bda48b38b/9dd984f0c92b4a9fa2d0707126dbb473.jpg, createdBy=69805482397, createdName=向日葵🌻, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 09:30:08 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1039410, encodeId=723010394101d, content=机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=56, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=肿肿, createdTime=Tue Apr 20 03:16:09 CST 2021, time=2021-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-04-20 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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