法国巴斯德研究所在老挝发现迄今和新冠病毒最接近的冠状病毒

2021-09-22 JACKZHAO MedSci原创

DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-871965/v1

Coronaviruses with a SARS-CoV-2-like receptor-binding domain allowing ACE2-mediated entry into human cells isolated from bats of Indochinese peninsula,DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-871965/v1

9月18日,法国巴斯德研究所报告发表在《自然》杂志的预印本平台“研究广场”(Research Square)报道称,在老挝北部发现迄今为止和新冠病毒最为接近的蝙蝠冠状病毒,与新冠病毒具有共同关键特征,可能与新冠病毒存在进化关系。这项研究为新冠病毒溯源提供了线索,也让科学家们更接近于确定新冠病毒的起源。

在这项新研究中,法国巴斯德研究所和老挝大学的研究人员于2020年7月至2021年1月间在老挝北部石灰岩“岩溶地带”捕获了46种共计645只蝙蝠,收集了247份血液样本、608份唾液样本、539份肛拭子/粪便和157份尿液拭子。研究人员就这些蝙蝠携带的冠状病毒是否与新冠病毒相似展开采样研究。最终,在样本中共发现了3种与新冠病毒RBD高度相似的蝙蝠冠状病毒。

在老挝发现的蝙蝠传播的sarbecovirus的基因组描述

研究人员高度关注新冠病毒表面的刺突蛋白序列,刺突蛋白的受体结合域(RBD)通过与人类细胞受体“血管紧张素转化酶2(ACE2)”结合来侵入人体。

sarbecoviruses进化史上的重组事件

此前的研究中,在中国发现的RaTG13蝙蝠冠状病毒与新冠病毒最为接近,两种病毒基因组的同源性为96.2%。RaTG13病毒具有RBD,但其基因序列与新冠病毒的RBD基因序列几乎没有相似性。RatG613冠状病毒RBD的17个氨基酸中,只有11个与新冠病毒相同。RaTG13病毒的RBD与人类ACE2受体结合的能力也是有限的。

因此,在新冠病毒的溯源研究中有一个关键问题需要解决,即是否有一种蝙蝠冠状病毒在其刺突蛋白上具有与新冠病毒相似的RBD基因序列,并能够以高亲和力与人类ACE2受体结合。报告指出,在老挝的蝙蝠中发现了这种冠状病毒,其RBD与新冠病毒的RBD仅相差一两个氨基酸,且能够与人类ACE2受体强烈结合并感染人类细胞。

研究人员指出,代号为BANAL-52、BANAL-103和BANAL-236的病毒是“迄今已知的与新冠病毒最接近的”蝙蝠冠状病毒。其中BANAL-236病毒具有与新冠病毒几乎相同的RBD,相差仅两个残基;BANAL-52、BANAL-103病毒RBD的17个氨基酸中,有16个与新冠病毒相同;BANAL-52的基因组与新冠病毒则具有96.85%的同源性。

论文作者之一、巴斯德研究所病原体探索领域的负责人马克·埃洛伊特说,这3种蝙蝠冠状病毒可能是新冠病毒的源头,并可能构成直接传播给人类的实质风险,新发现的冠状病毒似乎与新冠病毒早期毒株具有同等感染人类的能力,并能够被中和新冠病毒的抗体所抑制。

研究人员同时明确表示,他们的分析表明,新冠病毒的进化史比预期的要复杂,在中国发现的RaTG13病毒现在不能被认为是新冠病毒的最近祖先。

没错,马蹄蝠是新冠病毒的宿主_研究

研究者认为,新冠病毒的基因组可能是由不同种类蝙蝠携带的冠状病毒多次重组的结果。研究者猜测,最初的新冠病毒爆发地可能出现在湄公河附近的某个地区。文章作者指出,马蹄蝠群生活在老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南等地。这项研究再次为新冠大流行是由蝙蝠携带的冠状病毒通过溢出效应后开始传播给人类的观点提供了强有力证据。

 

参考资料:Coronaviruses with a SARS-CoV-2-like receptor-binding domain allowing ACE2-mediated entry into human cells isolated from bats of Indochinese peninsula,DOI:10.21203/rs.3.rs-871965/v1

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    2021-09-24 neurowu
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    2021-09-23 ms977502773494927

    冠状病毒与新冠病毒可能与多种动物有关!

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    2021-09-22 xuehj

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