Medscape:风险工具可能有助于确定哪些肺结节是恶性结节?

2018-03-28 xing.T MedSci原创

根据 2017年12月20日在JAMA Surgery杂志上在线发表的一项回顾性研究的结果,临床医生“很少”使用可行的工具来量化肺结节为癌症的风险,而主要依赖定性语言,如“可疑”、“非常疑似”和“高预测概率”。

根据 2017年12月20日在JAMA Surgery杂志上在线发表的一项回顾性研究的结果,临床医生“很少”使用可行的工具来量化肺结节为癌症的风险,而主要依赖定性语言,如“可疑”、“非常疑似”和“高预测概率”。

这些作者报道至少有三种工具可以使风险评估更加准确,这些作者由纳什维尔范德比尔特大学医学中心和田纳西谷医疗保健系统的Amelia Maiga博士领衔。

然而,他们的分析发现,在两个队列中的200多名肺部疾病(已知/疑似肺癌和肺结节)患者,只有不到5%的患者在其医疗记录中记录了定量的“恶性肿瘤预测”。

剩余71%的患者使用了“不精确”和“高度可变”的定性、描述性语言的风险评估。

作者呼吁使用与肺结节相关的“预测风险相关标准量表”。

Maiga医生向Medscape Medical News表示,在进行这项研究时,她和她的共同研究人员“观察到缺乏临床预测模型”(这有助于量化癌症风险)。她说,这是一个“培训或决策支持干预机会”。

该研究并未得出临床医生应放弃定性评估的结论,Maiga博士解释说,而是应该进行定量预测。

“以前的研究表明预测模型和临床医生的估计是相辅相成的-也就是说,一起使用时具有额外的好处,”她说道。

研究作者说,这样仍存在很多风险。

他们解释说,通过胸部高科技成像偶然发现的肺部增长在美国医学中很常见。

这些结节往往具有“不确定”的性质,在所有计算机断层扫描图像中报告率从17%至51%不等,并且总数达每年至少150万例。

幸运的是,只有1%至12%的这种结节是恶性的。但这些数字仍然是“重大的诊断负担”,作者说道。

该小组认为,因为88%至99%的结节是良性的,需要有一个强大的方法来确定和沟通(向患者和其他临床医生)癌症的可能性。总之,由于不是每个结节都需要手术,因此需要对风险进行精确评估。

2007年,美国胸科医师学会建议临床医生记录每个肺结节患者的癌症预测概率-即使只有一个结节存在。

至少有三种工具-梅奥诊所模型、退伍军人事前预测概率模型和胸部研究评估和治疗模型-可用于评估。

研究人员还通过强调自从“普遍使用电视辅助胸腔镜手术”以来在美国肺部良性疾病肺切除比例增加来进一步突出背景。

研究细节

对于他们的研究,Maiga博士及其同事审查了纳什维尔田纳西谷保健中心的病人记录,该中心是退伍军人事务系统的一部分。他们指出,这项研究是第一次分析临床医生关于不确定肺结节患者恶性肿瘤发生概率的记录习惯。

该团队研究了两组患者,几乎所有患者(97%)为男性。队列1包括291名接受手术切除的已知或疑似肺癌(从2003年至2015年期间)的退伍军人。队列2包括239名正在进行评估不确定肺结节(2003年至2012年期间)的退伍军人。

可以预计,队列1(88.7%)的癌症患病率高于队列2(48.9%)。

研究人员评论道,队列2中肺结节相对较高的诊断为恶性肿瘤的几率,这可能反映了一个事实,即由于被转诊到外科诊所,这种生长几乎都是高风险的。

尽管如此,队列1中只有13例(4.5%)患者在最终组织诊断前对恶性肿瘤进行了定量预测。在队列2中,只有3名患者(1.3%)具有这样的记录。

其余患者中,队列1中78.1%的患者有癌症风险的定性声明,在队列2中有63.2%的患者具有这样的声明。

定性陈述的问题是调查人员发现他们“模糊,范围广泛而不全面”。但研究小组也承认,相对较多的此类陈述实际上是“每位临床医生尝试记录需要活检进行诊断的高风险IPN [无确定的肺结节]。”

研究人员认为实施这项改善疑似肺癌的不确定肺结节评估的第一步应该是将标准化的癌症风险评估与基于证据的评估指南联系起来。

原始出处:

Nick Mulcahy.Which Lung Nodules Are Cancer? Risk Tools May Help.Medscape.2018.https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/890467#vp_1

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    2018-07-16 smlt2008
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    2018-03-30 zhaojie88
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