Aging Cell:绝经期全身性和局部性肥胖增加研究

2022-05-16 医路坦克 MedSci原创

对于女性来说,更年期是荷尔蒙发生显著变化的时期,这可能会导致身体成分改变和局部脂肪组织积累,这项研究考察了绝经过渡与全身和局部肥胖累积之间的纵向联系,以及全身和肌肉组织肥胖标志物的变化。

脂肪组织在能量储存和荷尔蒙供应方面具有重要作用。遗传和环境因素通过调节能量平衡和脂质相关酶的活性来决定脂肪组织的质量和分布。皮下脂肪组织可长期储存脂肪,而内脏脂肪组织在代谢方面更为活跃,是全身性脂肪酸的急性反应供应者。脂肪组织的质量和位置在系统水平上都很重要,因为较高的臀部/股脂肪组织质量与更好的代谢状况和更高的胰岛素敏感性有关,而腰部肥胖症的增加可能会增加心血管和代谢风险。性染色体和激素被认为是脂肪组织分布的重要媒介。例如,负责释放脂肪酸储存脂滴的脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)的区域表达因性别而异,导致男性以腰部为中心的脂肪组织积聚模式,女性为梨形(腿和臀部)形状。此外,雌激素(E2)和睾酮等性激素调节脂肪细胞的扩张和新陈代谢,因此也储存了胰岛素敏感性。

除了提供能量外,脂肪组织还会分泌被称为脂肪因子的激素。脂联素、瘦素和抵抗素是研究最多的脂肪因子,它们在脂肪组织起源的信号和代谢健康指标中的作用最近被揭示。在细胞水平上,肌细胞内脂滴(IMCL)在体力活动中起着重要的能量储存作用。IMCL浓度和不同肌肉纤维类型的代谢能力都与肥胖有关。例如,肌肉纤维中脂肪积累的增加、氧化能力的降低以及I型纤维比例的减少都被发现与总体肥胖症和胰岛素抵抗呈正相关。I型肌纤维通常富含脂滴,具有较高的氧化能力,而II型肌纤维含有较少的脂滴,具有更高的糖酵解能力。性别也有助于脂滴代谢的差异,因为与体重指数相同的男性相比,女性通常有更多的IMCL,但仍对胰岛素更敏感

这项研究考察了绝经过渡与全身和局部肥胖累积之间的纵向联系,以及全身和肌肉组织肥胖标志物的变化。我们还调查了身体肥胖变化的其他潜在因素,包括体力活动、饮食质量和外部激素的使用。我们假设,从全身到细胞水平,绝经过渡将与几个身体肥胖变量呈正相关,肥胖症的相对增长最高将发生在机器人区域。我们还假设,在绝经过渡期间,瘦素和抵抗素水平会增加,而脂联素水平会下降。

对于女性来说,更年期是荷尔蒙发生显著变化的时期,这可能会导致身体成分改变和局部脂肪组织积累。过度肥胖,特别是中心身体区域脂肪组织的堆积,会增加女性患心血管和代谢疾病的风险,并影响身体功能。我们在两项纵向队列研究中(分别为230和148例,平均随访时间1.3±0.7和3.9±0.2年,平均基线体重指数25.5 kg/m2),研究了绝经进展与采用双能X线骨密度仪和计算机断层扫描测量的全身和局部肥胖之间的关系。我们还研究了绝经进展和骨骼肌纤维特征以及脂肪组织衍生脂肪因子之间的关系。

在局部和全身肥胖测量中,观察到相对增加了2%-14%,机器人区域的脂肪质量显著增加(短期和长期随访期间分别为4%和14%)。肌肉纤维氧化和糖酵解能力及细胞内脂肪含量不受绝经的影响,但与绝经不同阶段的全身性和局部性肥胖显著相关。绝经进展和局部脂肪组织肿块与血清脂联素、瘦素呈正相关,与抵抗素水平呈负相关。较高的饮食质量和体力活动水平也与几项身体肥胖指标呈负相关。

因此,在绝经前和绝经期间养成健康的生活习惯可能会延缓女性严重代谢疾病的发生。

文献来源:Juppi HK,  Sipilä S,  Fachada V, Total and regional body adiposity increases during menopause-evidence from a follow-up study.Aging Cell 2022 May 04

 

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    2022-05-16 ms9000000795072041

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    2022-05-12 海豹
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    2022-05-12 chg122

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