CID:庆大霉素联合阿奇霉素和吉米沙星联合阿奇霉素治疗单纯性淋病的疗效和安全性

2021-09-25 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

淋病的有效控制和预防有赖于及时有效的抗菌治疗。

   淋病的有效控制和预防有赖于及时有效的抗菌治疗。然而,自从20世纪30年代抗菌药的引入以来,淋病已逐渐对每一类治疗药物产生耐药性,包括磺胺类、青霉素类、四环素类和第二代氟喹诺酮类药物,如环丙沙星。到2007年,头孢菌素抗菌剂是美国疾病控制与预防中心推荐的淋病经验性治疗的唯一剩余药物,而且目前还没有新的治疗方案。然而,东亚已经报道了口服头孢菌素治疗淋病患者失败的案例,多个国家报道了头孢菌素最低抑菌浓度(MICs)的增加。因此目前急需淋病替代治疗方案的临床疗效和安全性数据。

目的:头孢曲松是目前推荐淋病的基础治疗。目前迫切需要为疑似头孢菌素耐药淋球菌引起的头孢菌素过敏或感染患者提供替代治疗方案。我们评估了现有的2种非头孢菌素类抗菌药物联合治疗泌尿生殖道淋病的疗效和耐受性。

方法:我们在阿拉巴马州、加利福尼亚州、马里兰州和宾夕法尼亚州的5个门诊性传播疾病诊所进行了一项随机、多点、开放标签、非对照试验。将15~60岁无并发症的泌尿生殖道淋病患者随机分为庆大霉素240 mg肌肉注射联合阿奇霉素2g口服和吉米沙星320 mg联合阿奇霉素2g口服。主要结果是401名参与者在治疗后10-17天检查泌尿生殖系统感染的微生物治愈情况(随访阴性培养)。

结果:接受庆大霉素/阿奇霉素治疗的202名参与者中,微生物治愈率为100%(单侧确切95%可信区间下限,98.5%);接受吉米沙星/阿奇霉素治疗的199名参与者中,微生物治愈率为99.5%(单侧确切95%可信区间下限,97.6%)。庆大霉素/阿奇霉素治愈10例咽部感染和1例直肠感染,吉米沙星/阿奇霉素治愈15例咽部感染和5例直肠感染。胃肠道不良事件在两组患者中都很常见。

表1 Per方案分析报告不良事件和严重程度的参与者百分比

表2 从Per方案分析的参与者中收集的淋病奈瑟菌的抗菌药物敏感性(n = 421)

结论:庆大霉素/阿奇霉素和吉米沙星/阿奇霉素治疗泌尿生殖道淋病疗效显著。胃肠道不良事件可能会限制期其常规使用。对于不能用头孢菌素类抗菌药物治疗的患者来说,这些非头孢菌素类药物可能是有用的替代方案。淋病的其他治疗方案也是需要的。

原文出处

Kirkcaldy RD,  Weinstock HS,  Moore PC,et al,The efficacy and safety of gentamicin plus azithromycin and gemifloxacin plus azithromycin as treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea.Clin Infect Dis 2014 Oct 15;59(8)

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