Neurobiol Aging:脑小血管病与较差的加工速度的独立相关

2021-06-30 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

SVD与较差的加工速度的关联不是由较差的一般认知能力驱动的,而是独立于其与较差的一般认知能力的关联。对加工速度的测试可能对SVD的认知影响特别敏感,但所有主要的认知领域都应该进行测试。

脑小血管病(SVD)是血管性认知障碍的主要原因,可导致多种神经疾病,包括中风、轻度认知障碍和痴呆。尽管目前的神经成像方法缺乏空间分辨率来可视化大脑的小血管,但它们功能障碍的下游影响在脑成像中是可见的,如白质高信号(WMH)和假定血管起源的腔隙、可见血管周围间隙(PVS)和脑微出血。在SVD的干预和治疗试验中,SVD放射学标志物的存在和进展经常被用作结果衡量标准,然而,它们与领域特异性认知结果的联系的性质和程度尚不清楚。

Hamilton O等使用洛锡安出生队列1936(n=540;年龄:72.6±0.7岁)的数据,结合计算量和目测SVD的MRI标记来量化SVD的总负担,研究结果发表在Neurobiol Aging杂志。

这项研究构建了一个代表SVD总MRI可见负担的变量。使用结构方程模型(SEM)来结合WMH和PVS的连续计算测量,而不是以前的研究使用从视觉评分表中得出的序数测量。测试这些连续SVD标记的加入是否增加了SVD评分与一般认知能力和特定领域认知能力的敏感性。然后,测试某些认知领域的不良表现是否与一般认知能力下降有关,或者SVD是否与认知能力的特定领域有额外的独立联系。通过深入了解SVD的总脑负担与认知能力之间的关系,旨在更好地描述与SVD相关的认知损害,并在试验和临床管理中促进其准确测量。

研究发现SVD总负担与一般认知能力(标准化β:-0.363;95%CI:[-0.49,-0.23];p(FDR)<0.001)、加工速度(-0.371[-0.50,-0.24];p(FDR)<0.001)、言语记忆(-0.265;[-0.42,-0.11];p(FDR)=0.002)和视觉空间能力(-0.170;[-0.32,-0.02];p(FDR)=0.029)呈负相关。在对一般认知能力进行协方差分析后,只有SVD负担和处理速度之间存在相关性(-0.325;[-0.61,-0.04];p(FDR)=0.029)。

SEM说明SVD负担和一般认知能力双因子模型之间的联系。模型估计器:WLSMV。拟合指数:RMSEA=0.030;CFI=0.970;TLI=0.952;SRMR=0.044。SVD总负荷和认知因素之间的实心黑线表示显著关联,虚线表示FDR校正后的非显著关联。因子负荷是标准化的线性回归系数,标准误差显示在括号中。MRI检查时的年龄、性别、血管危险性、HADS抑郁分项评分和年龄-11智商作为协变量被包括在内,并且可以自由地相互关联。

这表明SVD与较差的加工速度的关联不是由较差的一般认知能力驱动的,而是独立于其与较差的一般认知能力的关联。对加工速度的测试可能对SVD的认知影响特别敏感,但所有主要的认知领域都应该进行测试,以确定与SVD相关的全部认知特征。

该研究利用WMH和PVS的连续评分,以及腔隙和微出血的二元评分,构建了一个代表SVD总MRI可见负荷的计算衍生变量。SVD负荷与语言记忆和视觉空间能力呈负相关,但这可能是由于SVD与一般认知能力相关。SVD负荷也与处理速度呈负相关,但这种关联与较差的一般认知能力无关。未来监测SVD认知结果的研究和临床试验除了处理速度外,还应评估记忆和视觉空间能力的领域,以便更全面、更具临床相关性地了解SVD相关的认知能力。

原文出处

Hamilton O, Cox SR, Ballerini L, et al. Associations between total MRI-visible small vessel disease burden and domain-specific cognitive abilities in a community-dwelling older-age cohort [published online ahead of print, 2021 Apr 22]. Neurobiol Aging. 2021;105:25-34. doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.04.007

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