Lancet HIV:广泛耐药性艾滋病毒株出现,多种治疗药物均无效

2020-08-18 病毒学 生命科学前沿

获得性免疫缺陷综合症即艾滋病,由艾滋病病毒引起。据世界卫生组织报道,全球估计有3800万艾滋病毒感染者,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数达到77万人。长期以来,耐药性HIV-1的出现一直被视为一种公共卫生威胁。

获得性免疫缺陷综合症(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS)即艾滋病,由艾滋病病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)引起。据世界卫生组织报道,全球估计有3800万艾滋病毒感染者,与艾滋病相关的死亡人数达到77万人。作为一种能攻击人体免疫系统的病毒。HIV把人体CD4+ T淋巴细胞作为主要攻击目标,削弱人体对感染和癌症的防御系统。长期以来,耐药性HIV-1的出现一直被视为一种公共卫生威胁。不过到目前为止,耐多药毒株的传播概率十分低,这可能是由于高度突变毒株的复制适应度降低,使得它们比野生型毒株更不适合感染人类。同时,由于现在各种治疗药物的多样性,多药抗药性的毒株已经很少在艾滋病毒株中出现。

以往的研究表明,在法国的HIV-1原发感染中,不到0.1%的传播病毒具有三级抗药性。而近期柳叶刀杂志子刊《THE LANCET HIV》发表一篇文章:Sexual transmission of an extensivelydrug-resistant HIV-1 strain。报告了一例在2019年9月确诊的有症状的HIV-1原发性感染病例,患者是一名23岁的法国男性,他通过与男人发生性关系感染。HIV-1 ELISA检测在2019年9月开始呈阳性,免疫印迹不完全(Fiebig IV期),血浆HIV-1 RNA为5.1 log10拷贝/ mL,CD4计数为821细胞/μL。

研究人员利用桑格(Sanger)和下一代测序法鉴定出了一种独特的,具有广泛耐药性的初始病毒,该病毒具有均质,是完全突变的准拟种病毒,并且在处理后仍保持稳定。该B型毒株对所有可用的核苷逆转录酶抑制剂,非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂均具有抗药性突变。除对dolutegravir和bictegravir的低水平抗药性外,对整合酶抑制剂的几乎完全抗药。通过重组病毒分析评估进入共受体使用情况显示纯R5表型,与V3 env下一代测序相符。gp41 env基因序列仅显示Asn42Gly突变。

之后研究人员在法国同一地区的一名54岁男性中发现了第二个具有相同突变模式的广泛耐药HIV-1毒株。该患者自1995年以来一直是HIV阳性,具有漫长的病毒学治疗失败史。尽管使用了替诺福韦,恩曲他滨,利托那韦增强的达鲁那韦和多洛韦韦的治疗方案,血浆HIV-1 RNA仍为5.5 log10拷贝/ mL,CD4计数为205细胞/μL(8%)。通过下一代测序对pol和env基因进行准物种分析,确定了相同的显性广泛耐药毒株,以及主要使用CCR5的变体和次要使用CXCR4的变体。

更重要的是,这两名患者的毒株均与系统发育相关,但无法确定其直接传播史,这表明还有未取样的中间环节,即很有可能还有其他感染者!

接下来,研究人员计划为纯R5表型的患者制定五种药物方案,将针对病毒进入步骤的四种药物(依巴利珠单抗,福斯特沙韦,马拉维罗克,恩夫韦肽)与多洛格韦(每天两次,每次50 mg)联合使用。具有R5和R4混合表型的患者将采用相同的方案,但不使用马拉韦罗。另外,尽早使用新型GS-6207衣壳抑制剂可能是一个值得考虑的附加治疗选择。

这种广泛耐药性病毒的性传播是前所未有的。据报道,2004年在纽约(美国纽约州)传播了一种具有多重耐药性的HIV-1毒株,但当时对蒂普那韦和整合酶抑制剂没有耐药性。

广泛耐药的HIV-1株可能会降低病毒适应性。但是,在将源患者传播给接受患者时,血浆病毒载量超过每毫升5 log10拷贝,这表明病毒株对宿主的适应性强。然而,原发感染后接受治疗的患者血浆病毒载量趋于下降,这就意味着需要更长的随访时间,并需要对该病毒株的病毒适应性进行更多研究。当前,由病毒学家、临床医生和当地预防人员组成的流行病学监视网络应防止这种广泛耐药的HIV-1毒株的传播。同时,也需要新的抗逆转录病毒药物来为此类毒株开辟替代治疗途径。

原始出处:

Stéphanie Raymond, Marie Piffaut, Jonathan Bigot, et al.Sexual transmission of an extensively drug-resistant HIV-1 strain.Lancet HIV. 2020 Aug;7(8):e529-e530. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30205-8.

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830792, encodeId=40e61830e9259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 06:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2070515, encodeId=26a020e0515f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de69e0954d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病毒株#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70954, encryptionId=de69e0954d0, topicName=病毒株)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=267e204, createdName=wangyang7958, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 03:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921802, encodeId=3947192180257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f0a6469837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64698, encryptionId=4f0a6469837, topicName=治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 10:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810599, encodeId=9a2881059990, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=822c4830819, createdName=yaqing1984, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 07:03:43 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810497, encodeId=c04881049e84, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a48786e89c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#艾滋病#</a>新毒株<a href='/topic/show?id=e0e2803e878' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药性#</a>很强。需要不断开发新的药物,但是艾滋病疫苗研发一直进展不理想,因为这种病毒很难找到他的抗原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86789, encryptionId=a48786e89c1, topicName=艾滋病), TopicDto(id=80378, encryptionId=e0e2803e878, topicName=耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:31:54 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1033936, encodeId=64ad1033936f5, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810335, encodeId=f9b6810335fb, content=又一难题,预防是关键,自爱, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6785205858, createdName=1474c43fm46暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 17:16:39 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-19 yaqing1984

    点赞

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830792, encodeId=40e61830e9259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 06:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2070515, encodeId=26a020e0515f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de69e0954d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病毒株#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70954, encryptionId=de69e0954d0, topicName=病毒株)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=267e204, createdName=wangyang7958, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 03:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921802, encodeId=3947192180257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f0a6469837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64698, encryptionId=4f0a6469837, topicName=治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 10:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810599, encodeId=9a2881059990, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=822c4830819, createdName=yaqing1984, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 07:03:43 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810497, encodeId=c04881049e84, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a48786e89c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#艾滋病#</a>新毒株<a href='/topic/show?id=e0e2803e878' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药性#</a>很强。需要不断开发新的药物,但是艾滋病疫苗研发一直进展不理想,因为这种病毒很难找到他的抗原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86789, encryptionId=a48786e89c1, topicName=艾滋病), TopicDto(id=80378, encryptionId=e0e2803e878, topicName=耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:31:54 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1033936, encodeId=64ad1033936f5, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810335, encodeId=f9b6810335fb, content=又一难题,预防是关键,自爱, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6785205858, createdName=1474c43fm46暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 17:16:39 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-18 智慧医人

    #艾滋病#新毒株#耐药性#很强。需要不断开发新的药物,但是艾滋病疫苗研发一直进展不理想,因为这种病毒很难找到他的抗原

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830792, encodeId=40e61830e9259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 06:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2070515, encodeId=26a020e0515f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de69e0954d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病毒株#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70954, encryptionId=de69e0954d0, topicName=病毒株)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=267e204, createdName=wangyang7958, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 03:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921802, encodeId=3947192180257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f0a6469837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64698, encryptionId=4f0a6469837, topicName=治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 10:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810599, encodeId=9a2881059990, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=822c4830819, createdName=yaqing1984, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 07:03:43 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810497, encodeId=c04881049e84, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a48786e89c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#艾滋病#</a>新毒株<a href='/topic/show?id=e0e2803e878' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药性#</a>很强。需要不断开发新的药物,但是艾滋病疫苗研发一直进展不理想,因为这种病毒很难找到他的抗原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86789, encryptionId=a48786e89c1, topicName=艾滋病), TopicDto(id=80378, encryptionId=e0e2803e878, topicName=耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:31:54 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1033936, encodeId=64ad1033936f5, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810335, encodeId=f9b6810335fb, content=又一难题,预防是关键,自爱, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6785205858, createdName=1474c43fm46暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 17:16:39 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-18 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830792, encodeId=40e61830e9259, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Fri Dec 04 06:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2070515, encodeId=26a020e0515f1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=de69e0954d0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#病毒株#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70954, encryptionId=de69e0954d0, topicName=病毒株)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=267e204, createdName=wangyang7958, createdTime=Sat Dec 12 03:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1921802, encodeId=3947192180257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4f0a6469837' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64698, encryptionId=4f0a6469837, topicName=治疗药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c9d3459, createdName=周虎, createdTime=Thu Oct 08 10:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-10-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810599, encodeId=9a2881059990, content=点赞, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=102, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=822c4830819, createdName=yaqing1984, createdTime=Wed Aug 19 07:03:43 CST 2020, time=2020-08-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810497, encodeId=c04881049e84, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a48786e89c1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#艾滋病#</a>新毒株<a href='/topic/show?id=e0e2803e878' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐药性#</a>很强。需要不断开发新的药物,但是艾滋病疫苗研发一直进展不理想,因为这种病毒很难找到他的抗原, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=178, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86789, encryptionId=a48786e89c1, topicName=艾滋病), TopicDto(id=80378, encryptionId=e0e2803e878, topicName=耐药性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:31:54 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1033936, encodeId=64ad1033936f5, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 19:11:34 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=810335, encodeId=f9b6810335fb, content=又一难题,预防是关键,自爱, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=96, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=e6785205858, createdName=1474c43fm46暂无昵称, createdTime=Tue Aug 18 17:16:39 CST 2020, time=2020-08-18, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-08-18 1474c43fm46暂无昵称

    又一难题,预防是关键,自爱

    0

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