JCO:75万人大型前瞻性队列研究发现,锻炼可降低七种癌症风险!

2019-12-29 Blake 转化医学网

合理的锻炼可增强体质、改善情绪、降低炎症,并有助于预防心血管疾病和糖尿病。近日,一项涉及75万名成年人的汇总性研究发现,合理的锻炼可降低7种癌症的发生风险。这项研究由美国国家癌症研究所、美国癌症协会和哈佛大学T.H. Chan公共卫生学院联合完成,并发表于近日的《Journal of Clinical Oncology》上。

合理的锻炼可增强体质、改善情绪、降低炎症,并有助于预防血管疾病和糖尿病。近日,一项涉及75万名成年人的汇总性研究发现,合理的锻炼可降低7种癌症的发生风险。这项研究由美国国家癌症研究所、美国癌症协会和哈佛大学T.H. Chan公共卫生学院联合完成,并发表于近日的《Journal of Clinical Oncology》上。
 
 
早前已有研究发现,体育锻炼与多种癌症的患病风险较低相关。如2016年的一项涉及144万人的大型研究发现,较高水平的体育锻炼可降低13种癌症的患病风险。但尚不清楚这种关系的具体形式,以及是否与运动指南建议的活动量相关。
 
根据2018年11月发布的新版运动指南建议,对于成年人,每周至少进行2.5-5小时的中等强度有氧运动或1.25-2.5小时的剧烈有氧运动,或者二者的有效组合。中等强度的活动,比如快步走,可以使每分钟消耗的能量比安静时多3-6倍(3-6 MET)。而剧烈有氧运动可使每分钟消耗的能量达到安静时6倍以(6MET)上。(MET,metabolic equivalent,代谢当量,指维持静息代谢所需要的耗氧量。)
 
该研究中,研究人员汇总了9个前瞻性队列研究的数据,这些数据包括了所观察人群的活动量和癌症发生率。前期的研究已发现,15种癌症风险降低与体育锻炼有关,因此,该研究重点关注这15种癌症。
 
通过对体育锻炼与15种癌症发生率之间关系的分析,研究人员发现,每周活动量在运动指南建议范围内(每周7.5-15 MET小时)的人群,与7种癌症较低的风险相关,随着MET小时的增加,风险也随之降低:
 
结肠癌(男性)的风险(7.5 MET 小时/周降低8%;15MET小时 /周降低14%);
乳腺癌风险降低6%-10%;
子宫内膜癌风险降低10%- 18%;
肾癌风险降低11%-17%;
骨髓瘤风险降低14%-19%;
肝癌风险降低18%-27%;
非霍奇金淋巴瘤(女性)风险降低11%-18%。
 
患癌风险降低与锻炼(MET)显著相关的几种癌症
 
几十年来,人们就已经知道锻炼与患癌风险降低有关,但与活动量的关系尚不明确。在进行第二版的运动指南制定时,一个咨询委员会综合了四十多个系统评价和元分析,但由于所汇集研究的方法学的多样性,最终得出无法评估不同活动量与相应效果的结论。而该研究采用了一种综合的依据运动强度的活动量指标, 对九个前瞻性队列研究的数据的分析发现,在运动指南建议的范围内,7种癌症风险降低与锻炼显著相关,而更高的运动量是否降低患癌风险则与癌症类型有关。
 
不过,该研究也有一些局限性:即使包含了75万名参与者数据,某些癌症类型的患者人数还很有限;参与者主要是白人;测量了详细活动数据的人数有限;活动量数据源于参与者的自我报告。
 
尽管如此,这些研究结果为也新的运动指南的制定提供了有力的数据支撑,并为美国癌症协会、世界癌症研究基金会、国际癌症研究机构和美国运动医学院所提供了参考。
 
原始出处:
 
Charles E. Matthews, Steven C. Moore, Hannah Arem, et.al.Amount and Intensity of Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Lower Cancer Risk, Journal of Clinical Oncology (2019). DOI: 10.1200/JCO.19.02407
 
运动与癌症相关研究:
 

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    2020-10-04 lidong40
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    2019-12-29 jingjing

    运动锻炼应该是健康第一要素,对各类疾病都应该有益。但是国内这方面研究太少

    0

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    2019-12-29 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0

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《2019全国癌症统计报告》显示,中国每年新发癌症病例约392.9万,死亡人数约233.8万,总体癌症发病率平均每年上升3.9%左右,发病率及死亡率呈现逐年上升趋势。“癌症已成为我国四大慢性病之一”这一话题在微博上引来700多万阅读量,也再次把给全球医疗带来巨大负担的癌症推到大众面前。

Blood:MPN患者动脉血栓栓塞提示继发癌症

中心点:在本病例对照研究中,MPN继发癌症患者的血栓栓塞发生率高于匹配的无癌的MPN患者。动脉血栓栓塞的发生于癌症风险增加2倍相关。摘要:费城染色体阴性的骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)患者容易继发癌症,但其相关因素尚未明确。Stefano等人开展一项国际性的病例对照研究,招募了647位癌症患者、127位非黑色素瘤皮肤癌患者、62位MPN合并血液继发癌症患者、32位MPN合并黑色素瘤患者。此外,还纳入12