发现女性患阿尔茨海默病的新基因

2022-08-01 brainnew神内神外 网络

这项研究表明了寻找 AD 的遗传风险因素的重要性,这些因素可能只针对一种性别。需要进一步的研究来了解为什么 MGMT 对女性 AD 风险的影响比男性更大。

○本文来源:阿尔茨海默病

 

 

 

 

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种进行性神经退行性疾病,是失智症最常见的病因。科学家发现了一些增加患阿尔茨海默病风险的基因变异,对于 65 岁以上的人来说,最著名的是 APOE ε4 等位基因大约 60% 的欧洲阿尔茨海默病患者携带这种基因变异,相比之下,普通人群中只有 26% 的人携带这种基因变异,这意味着其他基因与这种疾病的基因组成有关。

 

 

波士顿大学医学院6月30日消息

 

在本周发表在阿尔茨海默病协会杂志《阿尔茨海默病与失智症》(Alzheimer’s  & Dementia)上的一项新研究中,芝加哥大学(University of Chicago)和波士顿大学医学院(Boston University School of Medicine ,BUSM)的研究人员发现了一种名为 MGMT 的新基因,它会增加女性患阿尔茨海默病的风险

 

研究于2022年6月30日发表在《Alzheimer’s  & Dementia》(最新影响因子:16.655)杂志上

 

研究人员使用不同的方法,在两个独立的数据集上进行了阿尔茨海默病的全基因组关联研究(genome-wide association study ,GWAS)。其中一种方法专注于一个庞大的 Hutterites 家族中的失智症,Hutterites 家族是一个中欧血统的创始群体,定居在欧洲的中西部地区。Hutterites 族群经常被研究疾病的遗传决定因素,因为他们有相对较小的基因库,这是由于他们与世隔绝的文化。在这项研究中,阿尔茨海默病患者都是女性。第二种方法基于阿尔茨海默病和乳腺癌之间存在联系的证据分析了全国 10,340 名缺乏 APOE ε4 基因的女性的基因数据。在这两个数据集中,MGMT 与 AD 的发展显著相关

 

MGMT 基因

 

BUSM 的生物医学遗传学主任、该研究的资深作者 Lindsay Farrer 博士说:“这是女性特有的阿尔茨海默病遗传风险因素中为数不多的可能也是最强的关联之一。这一发现尤其可靠,因为它是使用不同的方法在两个不同的人群中独立发现的。虽然在大型数据集中的发现在没有 APOE ε4 的女性中最显著,但 Hutterites 的样本太小,无法确定地评估这种模式。”

 

Lindsay Farrer 博士

 

然后,研究人员利用多种类型的分子数据和来自人类脑组织的其他 AD 相关特征进一步评估了 MGMT。经过深入分析,他们发现,具有修复 DNA 损伤作用的 MGMT 的表观遗传调节基因表达(即细胞在不改变DNA序列的情况下控制基因活性的方式之一)与标志性 AD 蛋白、β-淀粉样蛋白和 tau 蛋白的发展显著相关,尤其是在女性中

 

Carole Ober 博士是芝加哥大学人类遗传学的主席,也是这项研究的资深作者,她说:“这项研究强调了创始人族群对于阿尔茨海默病等疾病的基因图谱研究的价值。Hutterites 家族相对统一的环境和较低的遗传变异增加了我们在较小样本量中找到相关性的能力,而不是在普通人群中进行研究。波士顿大学研究小组使用的更大数据集对我们的发现进行了验证,这非常令人满意,并最终导致了支持性的表观遗传机制,将两组 GWAS 结果与 MGMT 基因连接起来。”

 

Carole Ober 博士

 

根据研究人员的说法,这项研究表明了寻找 AD 的遗传风险因素的重要性,这些因素可能只针对一种性别。需要进一步的研究来了解为什么 MGMT 对女性 AD 风险的影响比男性更大

 

创立于1848年的波士顿大学医学院

参考文献

Source:Boston University School of Medicine

Novel gene for Alzheimer’s disease in women identified

Reference:

Chung, J, Das, A, Sun, X, et al. Genome-wide association and multi-omics studies identify MGMT as a novel risk gene for Alzheimer's disease among women. Alzheimer's Dement. 2022; 1- 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12719

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