明确!肥胖与11种癌症密切相关(乳腺癌、胰腺癌、食管腺癌……)

2017-03-04 佚名 生物探索

2月28日,《The BMJ》期刊发表一篇文章揭示,肥胖会增加11种癌症的发生风险,包括乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、食管腺癌、贲门癌、胆道癌、肾癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌和多发性骨髓瘤。但是对于其他癌症,肥胖问题或许被夸大了。

1997年,世界卫生组织(WHO)首次将肥胖定义为疾病。2000年,美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)承认肥胖是一种疾病。近年来,越来越多的研究基于大量的流行病学数据,明白无疑地承认肥胖是一种疾病。更重要的是,肥胖影响人体的正常生理功能、威胁人类的健康,每年至少有280万人死亡可归咎于超重或肥胖。

癌症是全球的第二大死因,2015年880万人因为癌症而去世。世界卫生组织数据显示,约1/6的死亡原因是癌症。其中,1/3的癌症死亡源于5种行为和饮食危险因素:高体重指数、水果和蔬菜摄入量低、缺乏运动、使用烟草以及饮酒。

根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的统计,全球约有19亿成年人超重或者肥胖。也就是说,10个成年人中就有4个人超重,至少1个人属于肥胖。那么,肥胖与癌症之间的关联性具体如何?肥胖会增加哪些癌症的发生率呢?

最新一篇发表在《The BMJ》期刊的文章明确揭示,肥胖会增加11种癌症的发生风险,包括乳腺癌卵巢癌、子宫内膜癌、食管腺癌、贲门癌、胆道癌、肾癌、胰腺癌结肠癌、直肠癌和多发性骨髓瘤。

肥胖会增加11种癌症的发生风险

研究人员荟萃分析了204篇已经发表的涉及肥胖、体重增加、腰臀围比值与36种不同类癌症关系的学术文章。

当研究人员以身体质量指数(BMI)为分析指标时,结果显示:BMI超标,发生于食道、骨髓、胆道系统、胰腺和肾脏部位的癌症发生风险也会上升。同时,男性结肠癌、直肠癌、女性子子宫内膜恶性肿瘤的发生概率也会增加。


世界卫生组织将超重和肥胖定义为“可损害健康的异常或过量脂肪积累”(图片来源于:WHO)

通常,BMI在18.5和24.9之间被视为正常体重,25至29.9是超重,超过30则属于肥胖,40以上被称为“病态肥胖”(morbidly obese)。

数据显示,BMI每增加5个数值,会增加9%男性直肠癌、56%胆道癌的发生概率。

对于女性而言,超重、腰臀围比值过高也会增加某些癌症的患病风险。绝经后,女性患乳腺癌的风险会因为体重增加而上升。具体而言,体重每增加5公斤,乳腺癌风险会增加11%。同样的,腰臀围比值每增加0.1,子宫内膜癌的发生风险会增加21%。

肥胖与其他癌症的关系或许被夸大

文章作者、帝国理工学院的Maria Kyrgiou博士表示:“除了这11种癌症,其他肿瘤也可能与肥胖有联系,但是还有很大的不确定性。”

他们发现,之前的研究结果可能夸大了肥胖与癌症的关联性,或者说两者关联性太低以至于无法排除偶然的可能性。但是,他们明确指出:与消化器官、女性激素分泌相关的恶性肿瘤与肥胖有很强的关联性。

研究人员强调,这一最新研究的局限在于没有分析对照试验(用于证明肥胖直接导致癌症)。肥胖对癌症的影响,会因为身体部位不同而存在差异。未来,学术研究应多关注体内脂肪的而变化,以便更好的理解肥胖是如何直接影响癌症或者其他疾病的。

中国肥胖问题不可忽视

早在2016年4月,《柳叶刀》发表一篇文章,以40年的统计数据揭示了全球肥胖问题。全球肥胖人口从1975年的1亿5百万上升至2014年的6亿4千1百万,远超过体重过轻者。其中,中国和美国是全世界肥胖人数最多的国家。

2017年1月,福布斯刊出一篇文章表明,中国肥胖人口的数量已经赶超美国,这无疑大大增加了国家的经济和医疗负担。这主要与中国饮食结构转变有关联,例如高糖、高胆固醇和反式脂肪食物摄取量的增加。

这些数据、研究无一不在提醒:对于那些超重或肥胖的人来说,减少一些体重或许可以降低患癌的风险。

原始出处:

Kyrgiou M, Kalliala I, Markozannes G,et al.Adiposity and cancer at major anatomical sites: umbrella review of the literature.BMJ. 2017 Feb 28.

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    2017-05-23 脱因不花

    保持身材,不要肥胖

    0

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    2017-04-10 jyzxjiangqin

    肥胖与癌症密切相关。

    0

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    2017-03-31 jyzxjiangqin

    肥胖与癌症的相互关系。

    0

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    2017-03-24 jyzxjiangqin

    肥胖与癌症密切相关。

    0

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    2017-03-06 zhouqu_8
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