PNAS:高等教育真的能减缓大脑衰老速度吗?真相是……

2021-04-28 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

还是要多读书.....

CCO

近年来,诸多研究表明,教育可以使人们免受与年龄相关的记忆力和思维能力下降的困扰,但是这些发现并没有因果关系。近日,发表在PNAS杂志的一项研究显示,教育水平与大脑衰老没有紧密的联系。随着年龄的增长,海马体积和颞叶皮层变化的速率不受教育程度的影响。

在这项新研究中,研究人员对来自两个大规模数据集LifebrainLB)和UK BiobankUKB)数据库的2000多名欧洲人进行MRI脑部扫描发现,随着时间的推移,前额叶皮层与其他的大脑皮层和皮层下结构区域显示出更多的变化,但是受教育程度并未影响这些皮层区域的变化速率,即使在皮质类固醇中变化速率也没有相关性。

受教育程度与大脑衰老之间的关系.

研究人员进一步发现,受过高等教育的人可能具有更大的认知储备,这意味着即使脑组织本身老化,也可以保持更多的智力。除了认知储备理论之外,教育对大脑可能产生间接的受益,使人们免受痴呆症的其他危险因素的影响,比如高血压,糖尿病以及心血管疾病等。

研究人员表示,受过高等教育的人具有本身的认知储备能力,而并没有减弱衰老这种变化。正因为这种机制,受过低等教育的个体被诊断为痴呆症的风险升高。另外,有研究显示,受教育程度与认知功能之间存在遗传联系,也可能解释两者之间的关系。

既然如此,那我们能做些什么来预防痴呆呢?20204月,发表在Age and Aging杂志上针对我国痴呆危险因素的研究发现,55%的痴呆可归因于中年肥胖、缺乏运动、吸烟、低学历、糖尿病、高血压和抑郁症七个危险因素。其中,运动少(24.3%)、高血压(22.1%)和低学历(11.9%)是我国老年痴呆的三大原因。

预防痴呆的因素.

除外上述7项危险因素,保持健康的体重、控制血糖、防治心脑血管疾病(包括卒中、房颤、高同型半胱氨酸血症等)、保持良好的心理状态等对于预防痴呆都有不同级别的循证医学证据。

因此,目前还没有教育程度与痴呆之间大型研究,多读书能通过其它许多直接和间接因素保护痴呆的发生,但并不能阻止认知功能随年龄的增加而扶摇直下。未来希望能有更多证据来证明教育程度与痴呆之间的关系。

原始出处

1Lars Nyberg et al, Educational attainment does not influence brain aging, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2021). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101644118

2The impact of risk factors for dementia in China. Age Ageing. 2020 Aug 24;49(5):850-855. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa048.

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    2021-11-06 drwjr
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    2021-05-07 liyonghong

    学习

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    2021-04-28 乙娆

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