Nature:孕期母体炎症可导致后代出现神经发育障碍

2017-09-20 佚名 Nature自然科研

近期,《自然》在线发表的两篇论文Maternal gut bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring 和 Reversing behavioural abnormalities in mice exposed to maternal inflammation讨论了孕期炎症如何导致小鼠后代行为异常的新发现。


近期,《自然》在线发表的两篇论文Maternal gut bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring 和 Reversing behavioural abnormalities in mice exposed to maternal inflammation讨论了孕期炎症如何导致小鼠后代行为异常的新发现。

已知在灵长类和啮齿类动物中,怀孕期间的母体免疫激活(MIA)可导致后代出现由神经发育障碍引起的行为异常。而在人类中,研究已表明暴露在母体炎症中的胚胎更有可能形成自闭症谱系障碍。此前对小鼠的研究表明一个叫白介素-17a的分子(由多种发炎条件下一组辅助T细胞——Th17细胞——产生)或许在其中起作用。在怀孕小鼠中,如果母鼠由于感染或自身炎症综合征而触发免疫激活,那么白介素-17a便会引起母鼠后代行为及皮层异常。

美国马萨诸塞大学的Jun Huh和麻省理工学院的Gloria Choi及同事研究母体肠道细菌是否会触发小鼠后代形成MIA相关行为的过程。作者发现孕妇肠道细菌能在怀孕期间刺激Th17细胞的产生,这意味着其后代更有可能出现MIA相关的行为异常。特别是他们发现如果母鼠在怀孕期间受感染的话,带有小鼠分节丝状菌或人体共生菌(它们能诱导肠道Th17细胞)的怀孕小鼠可能会增加其后代患神经发育障碍的风险。

在第二篇论文中, Choi, Huh和共同作者寻找出小鼠大脑中引发行为异常的区域,这些异常行为在暴露在孕期炎症的小鼠后代中可见。作者确定了产生该影响的区域,即环绕初级躯体感觉皮质的部位——初级躯体感觉皮质涉及本体感受功能(与身体部位的空间意识相关)。他们还发现,患有MIA相关神经发育障碍的小鼠后代的初级躯体感觉皮质中的神经活动减弱足以纠正观察到的行为异常。

美国德州大学西南医学中心的Craig Powell在一篇相应的新闻与观点文章中写道,哪怕上述机制不存在于人类自闭症中,“这些论文揭露了肠道细菌、免疫系统和大脑发育之间的复杂相互作用,为科学家提供了有价值的新见解。”

原文出处:

Sangdoo Kim, Hyunju Kim, Yeong Shin Yim et al. Maternal gut bacteria promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in mouse offspring. Nature, Published online 13 September, doi:10.1038/nature23910

Yeong Shin Yim, Ashley Park, Janet Berrios et al. Reversing behavioural abnormalities in mice exposed to maternal inflammation. Nature, Published online 13 September, doi:10.1038/nature23909

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    2018-02-06 liye789132251
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    2017-09-22 neurowu
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