Brain :华山医院神经内科团队发现中国眼咽远端肌病常见致病突变

2021-01-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

该研究结果通过最新的遗传学方法确定了OPDM的致病基因,预示我国疾病研究又以重大科学进展。

进行性肌营养不良症是一组遗传性骨骼肌变性疾病,病理上以骨骼肌纤维变性、坏死为主要特点,临床上以缓慢进行性发展的肌肉萎缩、肌无力为主要表现,部分类型还可累及心脏、骨骼系统。传统上分为假肥大型肌营养不良、Emery-Dreifuss肌营养不良、面肩肱型肌营养不良、肢带型肌营养不良、眼咽型肌营养不良、眼型肌营养不良、远端型肌营养不良和先天性肌营养不良7种亚型。

其中,眼咽远端肌病(OPDM)是一类主要累及眼外肌、咽喉肌、面肌和肢体远端肌群的罕见遗传性肌病,1977年由日本学者首先描述,但该病的致病基因多年来一直未被发现。随着三代测序技术的兴起,2019年初,日本学者率先在日本OPDM队列中发现存在LRP12基因5UTR区域CGG重复扩增,称为OPDM1

近日,来自复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科神经肌病研究团队与复旦大学生命科学学院遗传工程国家重点实验室共同合作,通过对一个中国OPDM大家系的连锁定位分析,发现GIPC1基因5’非翻译区(5’UTR)CGG三核苷酸重复异常扩增与该病高度连锁,且重复扩增次数与发病年龄呈负相关。相关结果发表在国际权威神经病学期刊Brain杂志上。

该研究联合了泛长三角肌病联盟的多家单位,包括复旦大学附属中山医院、上海交通大学附属同仁医院、上海同济大学附属同济医院和武汉市第一医院。该团队对一个OPDM大家系进行了11年的随访,证实GIPC1基因5’UTR区域CGG重复扩增为OPDM又一致病基因,称为OPDM2。该家系谱中7代内共有12位家系成员发病。

使用二代测序、单倍体分析及连锁分析等遗传学方法,将疾病连锁区域范围定位至第19号染色体长度为4.5MB的区段。通过三代测序,发现患者的GIPC1基因5’UTR区域存在CGG重复异常扩增。进一步通过三引物PCR及富GC-PCR方法,在家系中确定了异常扩增与临床表型共分离的存在。由此证实了OPDM2对OPDM的致病性。

该研究发现,中国OPDM队列的致病突变以OPDM2(即GIPC1基因三核苷酸重复扩增)最常见,约占51.9%,异常扩增次数在70-138次。而仅3.7%患者为LRP12基因三核苷酸重复扩增(OPDM1)。

此外,该研究结果还发现,GIPC1基因5’UTR区CGG重复扩增数在肌肉和外周血等不同组织中相对稳定。但在向子代传递的过程中,重复次数可增加或减少(≥10次);CGG重复异常扩增次数与患者的发病年龄呈负相关,进一步提示该突变的致病性。

综上,该研究结果通过最新的遗传学方法确定了OPDM的致病基因,预示我国疾病研究又以重大科学进展。

本文的第一作者为复旦大学附属华山医院神经内科奚剑英医师、复旦大学生命科学学院遗传工程国家重点实验室王曦路及上海市静安区中心医院神经内科岳冬曰医师;通讯作者为华山医院神经内科朱雯华医师及复旦大学生命科学学院周雁教授。

 

参考文献:

Xi J, et al. 5' UTR CGG repeat expansion in GIPC1 is associated with oculopharyngodistal myopathy. Brain. 2020 Dec 29:awaa426. doi:10.1093/brain/awaa426.

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    2021-01-06 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    该研究结果通过最新的遗传学方法确定了OPDM的致病基因,预示我国疾病研究又以重大科学进展。

    0

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    2021-01-05 清华8035

    0